semester final Flashcards by Callie Gits

Connective tissue

Protects and supports the body and its organs, binds organs together, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity.

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epithelial tissue

Covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, hollow organs, and ducts; and forms glands

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Muscular tissue

Generates the physical force needed to make body structures move.

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Nervous tissue

Detects changes inside and outside the body and initiates and transmits nerve impulses that coordinate body activities to help maintain homeostasis.

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Features of epithelial tissue

closely packed cells with little to no extracellular material between them arranged in continuous sheets in single or multiple layers.
its avascular (no blood supply)

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simple epithelium

single layer functioning in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption.

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stratified epithelium

two or more layers to protect tissue below

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pseudostratified epithelium

appears stratified but it isnt because the cells dont reach the surface. cells are usually ciliated or secrete mucus.

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Simple squamous

single layered flat cells filters the kidneys and lungs

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simple cuboidal epithelium

single layer of cuboidal shaped cells covers ovary and eyes lines the kidney secretes and absorbs

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nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

single layer of columnar cells lines the gastrointestinal tract secretes acid

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ciliated simple columnar epithelium

single layer of ciliated rectangular cells lines the upper respiratory tract

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pseudostratified columnar epithelium

only single layer with the appearance of many layers moves mucus and other substances

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Connective tissue

the most abundant tissue in the body consists of widely spaced cells highly vascular (rich blood supply)

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Matrix

Matrix is the material between cells provides strength and support its very abundant in connective tissue

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Chrondrocyte

Cells found in cartilage

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synovial membrane

Consists of areolar connective tissue instead of epithelium. Lines the cavities of some movable joints

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Muscle tissue

consists of cells called muscle fibers that are specialized for contraction. -provides motion, maintains posture, produces heat, and protects.

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Adipocytes

Fact cells

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Functions of the skin

Regulates body temp, protection, sensory reception, excreation and absorption, vitamin D synthesis, acts as a blood resevoir, and provides immunity.

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Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin composed of epithelial tissue

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Dermis

Thicker layer of skin, has the most sensory receptors, neurons, blood vessels, and glands.

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homeostasis

How the body keeps a constant internal environment

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negative feedback with example

A response that reverses the original stimulus

Giving birth

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positive feedback with example

Leads to even more significant changes in the same direction

axillary

armpit

phalanges

fingers, toes

brachium

arm

popetiel

back of the knee

cephalic

head

oral

mouth

inguineal

groin

thoracic

chest

cervical

neck

antebrachial

forearm

gluteal

buttock

calcaneal

heel, stone

superior

up or towards your head

inferior

under, below, or bellow the head

distal

at the end of

medial

middle

superficial

aboove

Ribosomes

Contains protiens

rough endoplasmic recticulum

contains the ribosomes thats why it is rough

acne

bacteria in the skin

Dermatology

Study of the skin

Albinism

Defect of melanin production

Functions of the skeletal system

``` Supports Protects Mineral Homeostasis Movement Production of red blood cells Triglyceride storage ```

Endochrondral ossification

when a bone forms within the hyaline cartilage

articular cartilage

thin layer of hyaline cartilage between bones to help reduce friction

osteoprosis

condition of bone loss

diaphysis

the shaft of the bone

ephipheseal plate

cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphyses

female bones

wider and shallower pelvis

osteoarthritis

wear and tear of the bones and joints

ball and socket joints

can do all motions

rheumatoid arthritis

a persons antibodies attack the joint tissue ---- immune disease

dislocation

displacement of a bone from its joint

strain

overstreching of a muscle

flexion

decreases an angle

abduction

away from the midline

supination

turning to the outside

inversion

turning inward

depression

lowering

vesicles

vesicles filled with ACH located in the synaptic end bulb

muscle tissue functions

produces movement stabalizes the bodies movement helps regulate hormone and organ production

sodium

ions that flow across the membrane and enter muscle fiber to help stimulate impulse

tendons

pull on bones to stimulate impulse

ATP

provides eneergy for impulse and muscle contractions ---- neurotransmitter

impulse

production of both contraction and relaxation depending on the message sent through the impulse

ACH

Neurotransmitter

myosin

pulls on filaments to produce sliding and filtration