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Physiology > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

0
Q

astrocytes provide a protection of the brain called __________.

A

blood-brain barrier

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1
Q

At a synapse, the neuron that is sending the action potential is________.

A

presynaptic

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2
Q

This lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS.

A

ependymal cells

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3
Q

Produces the myelin in the CNS.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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4
Q

Supports neurons in the ganglia

A

Satellite cells

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5
Q

Star shaped and supports neurons in the CNS

A

astrocytes

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6
Q

Smallest in size of neuroglia

A

microglia

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7
Q

The three functions of the nervous system.

A
  1. Senses
  2. Integration functions
  3. Motor functions
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8
Q

Forms neurolemma and myelin in the PNS.

A

Schwann Cells

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9
Q

The synaptic cleft is the space that a _______ crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron.

A

Neurotransmitter

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10
Q

What is the difference between a nerve and a tract.

A

Nerve- located in the PNS
Tract- located in the CNS
both are bundles of myelin fibers

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11
Q

The insulating material of a neuron in the PNS is ______.

A

myelin

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12
Q

Two Characteristics that would increase the speed of nerve transmission.

A
  1. Diameter
  2. Myelinated
  3. Temperature
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13
Q

The bodies natural painkiller is….

A

Endorphins

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14
Q

The “fight of flight” nervous system_____.

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

A neurotransmitter that helps regulate moods is.

A

Seratonin

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16
Q

The arrangement of gray and white matter in the spinal cord.

A

White- outside- myelinated

Gray- Inside- unmyelinated

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17
Q

Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheathe

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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18
Q

Highly branched; input part of the neuron_____

A

Dendrites

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19
Q

Bundle of many axons in the CNS

A

Tract

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20
Q

Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS

A

Sensory (afferent)

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21
Q

Group of cell bodies in the CNS

A

nucleus

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22
Q

Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector

A

motor (efferent)

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23
Q

Presynaptic

A

A neuron sending the action potential

24
Q

Astrocytes

A

star shaped that support neurons in the CNS that allso provide a protection of the brain called blood-brain barriers

25
Q

Ependymal cells

A

lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS

26
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Produce myelin in the CNS

27
Q

Satellite cells

A

support neurons in the ganglia

28
Q

microglia

A

smallest size of neuroglia

29
Q

Schwann cells

A

forms neurolemma and myelin in the PNS

30
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

The synaptic cleft is the space that it crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron

31
Q

Myelin

A

insulating material of a neuron in the PNS

32
Q

Endorphins

A

bodies natural painkiller relaeased in the brain

33
Q

seratonin

A

A neurotransmitter that helps regulate moods

34
Q

sympathetic

A

Fight or flight in the nervous system

35
Q

Afferent

A

information going towards the CNS

36
Q

efferent

A

information sent from the CNS away from it to another part of the body

37
Q

Produces myelin sheath in PNS

A

schwann cell

38
Q

group of cell bodies in PNS

A

ganglion

39
Q

long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron.

A

axon

40
Q

sac in which the neurotransmitter is stored

A

synaptic vesicle

41
Q

the portion of the neuron containing the nucleus

A

cell body

42
Q

neuron located entirely within the CNS

A

interneuron

43
Q

substances used for communication at chemical synapses

A

neurotransmitter

44
Q

bundle of many axons in the PNS

A

nerves

45
Q

rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal

A

synaptic end bulb

46
Q

type of neuron that sends impulses to the muscles

A

motor (effernt)

47
Q

an axon carries impulses ____ from a cell body

A

away

48
Q

a neurotransmitter must cross the _______ toinitiate an impulse in a post synaptic neuron

A

synaptic cleft

49
Q

a motor neuron is

A

efferent

50
Q

myelinated neuron appears what color

A

white

51
Q

MS is more common in

A

women

52
Q

membrane where inner an outer surfaces have equal amounts of electrical charges

A

depolarized

53
Q

membrane where inner and outer surfaces have unequal amounts of electrical charge

A

polarized

54
Q

time during which a neuron cant be stimulated to initiate an impulse

A

resting stage/ refractory period

55
Q

ions found in high concentration inside plasma membrane

A

k+ potassium

56
Q

ions found in high concentration ouside the plasma membrane

A

Na+ sodium

57
Q

the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a plasma membrane

A

resting

58
Q

the mechanism by which ions are moved through the plasma membrane from lesser to ggreater concentration

A

sodium pump

Physiology (7 decks)

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