chapter 9 Flashcards
astrocytes provide a protection of the brain called __________.
blood-brain barrier
At a synapse, the neuron that is sending the action potential is________.
presynaptic
This lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS.
ependymal cells
Produces the myelin in the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes
Supports neurons in the ganglia
Satellite cells
Star shaped and supports neurons in the CNS
astrocytes
Smallest in size of neuroglia
microglia
The three functions of the nervous system.
- Senses
- Integration functions
- Motor functions
Forms neurolemma and myelin in the PNS.
Schwann Cells
The synaptic cleft is the space that a _______ crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron.
Neurotransmitter
What is the difference between a nerve and a tract.
Nerve- located in the PNS
Tract- located in the CNS
both are bundles of myelin fibers
The insulating material of a neuron in the PNS is ______.
myelin
Two Characteristics that would increase the speed of nerve transmission.
- Diameter
- Myelinated
- Temperature
The bodies natural painkiller is….
Endorphins
The “fight of flight” nervous system_____.
sympathetic
A neurotransmitter that helps regulate moods is.
Seratonin
The arrangement of gray and white matter in the spinal cord.
White- outside- myelinated
Gray- Inside- unmyelinated
Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheathe
Nodes of Ranvier
Highly branched; input part of the neuron_____
Dendrites
Bundle of many axons in the CNS
Tract
Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS
Sensory (afferent)
Group of cell bodies in the CNS
nucleus
Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector
motor (efferent)
Presynaptic
A neuron sending the action potential
Astrocytes
star shaped that support neurons in the CNS that allso provide a protection of the brain called blood-brain barriers
Ependymal cells
lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Produce myelin in the CNS
Satellite cells
support neurons in the ganglia
microglia
smallest size of neuroglia
Schwann cells
forms neurolemma and myelin in the PNS
Neurotransmitter
The synaptic cleft is the space that it crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron
Myelin
insulating material of a neuron in the PNS
Endorphins
bodies natural painkiller relaeased in the brain
seratonin
A neurotransmitter that helps regulate moods
sympathetic
Fight or flight in the nervous system
Afferent
information going towards the CNS
efferent
information sent from the CNS away from it to another part of the body
Produces myelin sheath in PNS
schwann cell
group of cell bodies in PNS
ganglion
long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron.
axon
sac in which the neurotransmitter is stored
synaptic vesicle
the portion of the neuron containing the nucleus
cell body
neuron located entirely within the CNS
interneuron
substances used for communication at chemical synapses
neurotransmitter
bundle of many axons in the PNS
nerves
rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal
synaptic end bulb
type of neuron that sends impulses to the muscles
motor (effernt)
an axon carries impulses ____ from a cell body
away
a neurotransmitter must cross the _______ toinitiate an impulse in a post synaptic neuron
synaptic cleft
a motor neuron is
efferent
myelinated neuron appears what color
white
MS is more common in
women
membrane where inner an outer surfaces have equal amounts of electrical charges
depolarized
membrane where inner and outer surfaces have unequal amounts of electrical charge
polarized
time during which a neuron cant be stimulated to initiate an impulse
resting stage/ refractory period
ions found in high concentration inside plasma membrane
k+ potassium
ions found in high concentration ouside the plasma membrane
Na+ sodium
the difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a plasma membrane
resting
the mechanism by which ions are moved through the plasma membrane from lesser to ggreater concentration
sodium pump
