Chapter 1 Flashcards
Physiology
The science of body functions
Anatomy
The science of structure and its relationships
Order of chemical structures
Chemical- cellular- tissue- organ- system- organism
Integumentary system
Skin and its structures that help to regulate body temp and protect the body
Nervous system
Sense organs that help regulate body activities through nerve impulses
Skeletal system
All bones and joints that support and protect the body
Endocrine system
All glands and tissues that regulate body activities through hormones
Muscular system
Skeletal muscle tissue the allows you to move maintaining posture and produces heat.
Cardiovascular system
Blood heart and blood vessels carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
Lymphatic system and immunity
Returns tissue fluid to blood and produces immunity structures and agents
Digestive system
Organs of gastrointestinal tract that achieve physical and chemical breakdown of nutrients and eliminate solid waste
Respiratory system
Lungs and air passageways that transfers oxygen from air to blood
Urinary system
Kidneys, bladder and such produces, stores, and eliminates urine regulates the chemical composition of blood
Reproductive system
Gonads that produce gametes that unite to form a new organism and release hormones to regulate reproduction and other body processes
Growth
Increase in body size (cell body size)
Differentiation
The process of changing Unspecialized cells into specialized cells.
Receptor
Body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input (information) to a control center.
Control center
Receives input and generates output
Effector
Receives output and produces a response
Negative feedback
Reverses a change in a controlled condition (childbirth)
Positive feedback
Strengthens a change in a controlled condition (blood clotting)
Symptoms
Subjective changes in the body ( you can’t see them)
Signs
Objective changes (you can see them)
Anatomical position
Head stands erect, facing the observer, level head, eyes forward, feet are flat on the floor directed forward, arms at side, palms forward.
Head- skull-face
Cephalic-cranial-facial
Eye-ear-nose-mouth
Orbital-otic-nasal-oral
Neck
Cervical
Breast bone-chest-armpit-arm
Sternal-thoracic-auxiliary-brachial
Breast-navel-hip-abdomen-groin
Mammary-umbilical-coxal-trunk-inguinial
Forearm-wrist-palm-fingers-hand
Ante brachial-carpal-palmar-digital/phalangeal-manual
Pelvis-pubis-thigh-leg-ankle-foot-toes
Pelvis-pubic-femoral-crural-tarsal-pedal-digital/phalangeal
Shoulder-shoulder blade- spinal colum
Acromial-scapular-vertebral
Back
Dorsal
Loin
Lumbar
Between hips-buttock-hollow behind knee- calf-sole-heel
Sacral-gluteal-popliteal-sural-plantar-calcaneal
Superior
Toward the head or upper part of a structure
Inferior
Away from the head or lower part of the structure
Anterior
Near or at the front of the body
Posterior
Nearer to or at the back of the body
Medial
Nearer to the midline
Lateral
Farther from the midline
Proximal
Near the attachment of a limb to the trunk/the point of origi
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb
Or the origin
Superficial
Toward the bodies surface
Deep
Away from the bodies surface
Sagittal plane
A vertical plane separating the organs to right and left sides
Midsagittal plane
Passes through the midline of the body into equal positions
Parasagittal plane
Frontal plane
Transverse plane
Divides the body into upper and lower portions
Oblique plane
Passes through the body or and organ at an angle
Cranial cavity
Formed by cranial bones contains the brain
Vertebral cavity
Formed by the vertebral column contains the spinal cord and the beginning of spinal nerves
Thoracic cavity
Chest cavity; contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum
Pleural cavity
Each surrounds a lung the serous membrane of the pleural cavities is the pleura
Pericardial cavity
Surrounds the heart
Mediastinum
Central portions of the thoracic cavity between the lungs contains heart thymus esophagus trachea and several large blood vessels
Abdominopelvic cavity
Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities
Abdominal cavity
Contains stomach, spleen, liver,gallbladder, small intestine and most of the large intestine
Pelvic cavity
Contains bladder large intestine and reproductive organs
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
Epidemiology
The science that deals with why, when, and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted within a defined human population
Responsiveness
The ability to detect and react to changes in the external or internal environment.
