chapter 14 Flashcards
two types of cells whose main function is phagocytic activity
neutrophils and monocytes
what is the straw-colored liquid that remains when formed elements are removed from blood
plasma
materials that the blood carries
CO2, O2, waste, hormones, and nutrients
functions of the blood
transportation, regulation, and protection
what percent of the plasma is composed of blood protiens
7%
what is the most common blood protein?
albumin
what percent of the blood is made up of plasma?
55%
What percent of plasma is composed of water?
91.5%
The process of ingesting and destroying bacterial cells is…
phagocytosis
an immature red blood cell …
reticulocyte
How many RBC’s does the average person have per ML of blood?
5 million ML
An inherited defect most common in African Americans that results in red blood cells that are distorted
Sickle cell disease
Appendicitis or an acute infection will cause a rapid increase in what type of WBC?
neutrophils
Which leukocytes are angranulocytes?
lymphoytes and monocytes
which leukocytes are granular leukocytes?
neutrophils, ensophilse, and basophils
Which leukocytes develop into cells which produce antibodies?
lymphocytes
What is the average leukocyte count per ML of blood?
5,000-10,000
What is the average number of platlets circulating per ML of blood?
250,000-400,000
Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins necessary for this purpose.
blood clotting
In blood clotting, thrombin converts fibrinogen to this substance.
fibrin
If blood vessel cells are damaged they trigger formation of this enzyme in clottings first stage.
prothrominase
What is the process of dissolving small inappropriate clots called?
fibrinolysis
What is the effect of heparin and Coumadin on blood clotting
Inhibit (slow)
What is the condition that causes the accumulation of fatty substances which cause rough spots on vessel walls
atherosclerosis
The blood typer gene that is inherited as recessive
O
If your blood agglutinates in the anti-A typing serum but not in the anti-B serum, then you have this blood type
A
If your blood agglutinates in the anti-B typing serum but not in the anti-A serum then you have this blood type
B
If your blood agglutinates in both anti- A and anti- B serums then you have this blood type
AB
If your blood does not agglutinate in either anti- A and/or anti- B serums then you have this blood type
O
Universal donors have this blood type
O
A universal recipient is this blood type
AB
The antigen protein present on the red blood cell membrane determines this
blood type
The test that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood
hemocrit
No one with type B blood can also have these antibodies
anti-B
In emergency transfusions one must always consider how the recipients __ react with the antigens of the donors red blood cells.
antibodies
Mr. A and Mr. AB have volunteered to give blood to Mr. B who has type B blood. Mr. A has type A blood and Mr. AB has type AB blood. Which blood could be transfused safely into Mr. B’s blood?
neither
If a mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, ( or the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive) what condition may occur?
Hemolytic Disease of the New born (HDN)
Complication in the birth of a third child to an Rh negative mother are most likely to occur when the child is Rh positive and the two previous children were Rh ____
positive
If a father donates the Rh+ gene and a mother donates the Rh- gene, what will the Rh of the children be?
Rh+
Where does the formation of most blood cells occur?
red bone marrow
Largest cell
White blood cells
smallest formed element
Platelets
carry oxygen
red blood cells
have a nuclei
white blood cells
fight infection
white blood cells
contain hemoglobin
red blood cells
live about 10 days
platelets
live only a few days
white blood cells
live about four months
red blood cells
biconcave disk shaped
red blood cells
make up the greatest blood volume
red blood cells
important in blood clotting
platelets
may have independent movement
white blood cells
White blood cell type that increases in number to combat inflammation during allergic reactions
eosinophil
the second most numerous kind of white blood cell; comes and goes from the blood stream
lymphocyte
the largest type of white blood cell
monocyte
WBC that cleans up debris after infections
monocyte
a plasma protein necessary for antibodies
globulin
a plasma protein important in maintaining the bloods viscosity
albumin
pigment of RBC’s which carries oxygen
hemoglobin
protein on the surface of an RBC which can stimulate the formation of antibodies against it
antigen
another name for a red blood cell
erythrocyte
another name for white blood cells
leukocyte
the clumping together of red blood cells in an incomplete transfusion
hemolysis
another name for the clotting of the blood
coagulation
an increase in the number of leukocytes
leukocytosis
a decrease in the number of leukocytes
leukopenia
decrease in the number of erythrocytes
anemia
blood doping causing an over production of red blood cells
induced polycythemia
a pale yellow fluid similar to plasma but lacks clotting ability
serum
movement of white blood cells through a capillary wall
diapedesis
clotting inside and unbroken vessel
thrombosis
a blood clot inside a vessel
thrombus
a moving clot or obstruction in a vessel
embolus
cancer of the red bone marrow causing uncontrolled production of the white blood cells
leukemia
typified by abnormal sickle-shaped WBC’s
sickle cell disease
Nutrients, hormones, and gases are carried by this part of the blood
plasma
the liquid part of the blood
plasma
proteins that are located on the blood cells
antigens
cells in the red bone marrow that have the ability to develop into many different cells
pluripotent stem cells
these blood cells may be found out of of the blood vessels in the spaces between cells
lymphocytes (WBC’s)
Amount of blood in the average healthy male
5 CL
the term for stoppage of bleeding
hemostasis
Immature RBC’s which contain a nucleus
reticulocytes
Blood Type A
A antigens present
Anti-B anditbody(s) present
can donate blood to both A and AB blood types
Blood Type O
no antigens present
Anti-A and Anti- B antibody(s) present
can donate blood to all blood types
can receive blood from only O
Blood Type AB
AB antigens present
no antibodies present
can donate blood to AB only
can receive blood from all types
Blood Type Rh+
Rh+ antigens present
no antibodies present
can donate blood to Rh+
can receive blood from Rh- and Rh+
A hematocrit is
the percentage of RBC’s in whole blood
immunoglobulins
involved in certain immune responses
reticulocytes
develop into mature red blood cells
intrinsic factor
required for vitamin B(12) absorption
albumin
most abundant plasma protein
plasma
blood after formed elements are removed
serum
plasma without clotting proteins
fibrinogen
needed for blood clotting
in adults, erythropoiesis takes place in
red bone marrow
what pigment contributes to the color of urine
urobilin or hemoglobin
a primary function of red blood cell is to
deliver oxygen to the cells of the body
steps of hemostasis
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, prothrombinase formed, conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, clot retraction, fibrinolysis plasmin
monocytes
become wandering macrophages
lymphocytes
produce antibodies
basophils
involved in allergic reactions
neutrophils
first to respond to a bacterial invasion
eosinophils
destroy antigen- antibody complexes; combat inflammation
