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Physiology > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

0
Q

two types of cells whose main function is phagocytic activity

A

neutrophils and monocytes

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1
Q

what is the straw-colored liquid that remains when formed elements are removed from blood

A

plasma

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2
Q

materials that the blood carries

A

CO2, O2, waste, hormones, and nutrients

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3
Q

functions of the blood

A

transportation, regulation, and protection

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4
Q

what percent of the plasma is composed of blood protiens

A

7%

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5
Q

what is the most common blood protein?

A

albumin

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6
Q

what percent of the blood is made up of plasma?

A

55%

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7
Q

What percent of plasma is composed of water?

A

91.5%

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8
Q

The process of ingesting and destroying bacterial cells is…

A

phagocytosis

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9
Q

an immature red blood cell …

A

reticulocyte

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10
Q

How many RBC’s does the average person have per ML of blood?

A

5 million ML

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11
Q

An inherited defect most common in African Americans that results in red blood cells that are distorted

A

Sickle cell disease

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12
Q

Appendicitis or an acute infection will cause a rapid increase in what type of WBC?

A

neutrophils

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13
Q

Which leukocytes are angranulocytes?

A

lymphoytes and monocytes

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14
Q

which leukocytes are granular leukocytes?

A

neutrophils, ensophilse, and basophils

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15
Q

Which leukocytes develop into cells which produce antibodies?

A

lymphocytes

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16
Q

What is the average leukocyte count per ML of blood?

A

5,000-10,000

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17
Q

What is the average number of platlets circulating per ML of blood?

A

250,000-400,000

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18
Q

Fibrinogen and prothrombin are blood proteins necessary for this purpose.

A

blood clotting

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19
Q

In blood clotting, thrombin converts fibrinogen to this substance.

A

fibrin

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20
Q

If blood vessel cells are damaged they trigger formation of this enzyme in clottings first stage.

A

prothrominase

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21
Q

What is the process of dissolving small inappropriate clots called?

A

fibrinolysis

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22
Q

What is the effect of heparin and Coumadin on blood clotting

A

Inhibit (slow)

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23
Q

What is the condition that causes the accumulation of fatty substances which cause rough spots on vessel walls

A

atherosclerosis

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24
Q

The blood typer gene that is inherited as recessive

A

O

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25
Q

If your blood agglutinates in the anti-A typing serum but not in the anti-B serum, then you have this blood type

A

A

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26
Q

If your blood agglutinates in the anti-B typing serum but not in the anti-A serum then you have this blood type

A

B

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27
Q

If your blood agglutinates in both anti- A and anti- B serums then you have this blood type

A

AB

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28
Q

If your blood does not agglutinate in either anti- A and/or anti- B serums then you have this blood type

A

O

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29
Q

Universal donors have this blood type

A

O

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30
Q

A universal recipient is this blood type

A

AB

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31
Q

The antigen protein present on the red blood cell membrane determines this

A

blood type

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32
Q

The test that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood

A

hemocrit

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33
Q

No one with type B blood can also have these antibodies

A

anti-B

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34
Q

In emergency transfusions one must always consider how the recipients __ react with the antigens of the donors red blood cells.

A

antibodies

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35
Q

Mr. A and Mr. AB have volunteered to give blood to Mr. B who has type B blood. Mr. A has type A blood and Mr. AB has type AB blood. Which blood could be transfused safely into Mr. B’s blood?

A

neither

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36
Q

If a mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, ( or the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive) what condition may occur?

A

Hemolytic Disease of the New born (HDN)

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37
Q

Complication in the birth of a third child to an Rh negative mother are most likely to occur when the child is Rh positive and the two previous children were Rh ____

A

positive

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38
Q

If a father donates the Rh+ gene and a mother donates the Rh- gene, what will the Rh of the children be?

A

Rh+

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39
Q

Where does the formation of most blood cells occur?

A

red bone marrow

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40
Q

Largest cell

A

White blood cells

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41
Q

smallest formed element

A

Platelets

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42
Q

carry oxygen

A

red blood cells

43
Q

have a nuclei

A

white blood cells

44
Q

fight infection

A

white blood cells

45
Q

contain hemoglobin

A

red blood cells

46
Q

live about 10 days

A

platelets

47
Q

live only a few days

A

white blood cells

48
Q

live about four months

A

red blood cells

49
Q

biconcave disk shaped

A

red blood cells

50
Q

make up the greatest blood volume

A

red blood cells

51
Q

important in blood clotting

A

platelets

52
Q

may have independent movement

A

white blood cells

53
Q

White blood cell type that increases in number to combat inflammation during allergic reactions

A

eosinophil

54
Q

the second most numerous kind of white blood cell; comes and goes from the blood stream

A

lymphocyte

55
Q

the largest type of white blood cell

A

monocyte

56
Q

WBC that cleans up debris after infections

A

monocyte

57
Q

a plasma protein necessary for antibodies

A

globulin

58
Q

a plasma protein important in maintaining the bloods viscosity

A

albumin

59
Q

pigment of RBC’s which carries oxygen

A

hemoglobin

60
Q

protein on the surface of an RBC which can stimulate the formation of antibodies against it

A

antigen

61
Q

another name for a red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

62
Q

another name for white blood cells

A

leukocyte

63
Q

the clumping together of red blood cells in an incomplete transfusion

A

hemolysis

64
Q

another name for the clotting of the blood

A

coagulation

65
Q

an increase in the number of leukocytes

A

leukocytosis

66
Q

a decrease in the number of leukocytes

A

leukopenia

67
Q

decrease in the number of erythrocytes

A

anemia

68
Q

blood doping causing an over production of red blood cells

A

induced polycythemia

69
Q

a pale yellow fluid similar to plasma but lacks clotting ability

A

serum

70
Q

movement of white blood cells through a capillary wall

A

diapedesis

71
Q

clotting inside and unbroken vessel

A

thrombosis

72
Q

a blood clot inside a vessel

A

thrombus

73
Q

a moving clot or obstruction in a vessel

A

embolus

74
Q

cancer of the red bone marrow causing uncontrolled production of the white blood cells

A

leukemia

75
Q

typified by abnormal sickle-shaped WBC’s

A

sickle cell disease

76
Q

Nutrients, hormones, and gases are carried by this part of the blood

A

plasma

77
Q

the liquid part of the blood

A

plasma

78
Q

proteins that are located on the blood cells

A

antigens

79
Q

cells in the red bone marrow that have the ability to develop into many different cells

A

pluripotent stem cells

80
Q

these blood cells may be found out of of the blood vessels in the spaces between cells

A

lymphocytes (WBC’s)

81
Q

Amount of blood in the average healthy male

A

5 CL

82
Q

the term for stoppage of bleeding

A

hemostasis

83
Q

Immature RBC’s which contain a nucleus

A

reticulocytes

84
Q

Blood Type A

A

A antigens present
Anti-B anditbody(s) present
can donate blood to both A and AB blood types

85
Q

Blood Type O

A

no antigens present
Anti-A and Anti- B antibody(s) present
can donate blood to all blood types
can receive blood from only O

86
Q

Blood Type AB

A

AB antigens present
no antibodies present
can donate blood to AB only
can receive blood from all types

87
Q

Blood Type Rh+

A

Rh+ antigens present
no antibodies present
can donate blood to Rh+
can receive blood from Rh- and Rh+

88
Q

A hematocrit is

A

the percentage of RBC’s in whole blood

89
Q

immunoglobulins

A

involved in certain immune responses

90
Q

reticulocytes

A

develop into mature red blood cells

91
Q

intrinsic factor

A

required for vitamin B(12) absorption

92
Q

albumin

A

most abundant plasma protein

93
Q

plasma

A

blood after formed elements are removed

94
Q

serum

A

plasma without clotting proteins

95
Q

fibrinogen

A

needed for blood clotting

96
Q

in adults, erythropoiesis takes place in

A

red bone marrow

97
Q

what pigment contributes to the color of urine

A

urobilin or hemoglobin

98
Q

a primary function of red blood cell is to

A

deliver oxygen to the cells of the body

99
Q

steps of hemostasis

A

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, prothrombinase formed, conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin, clot retraction, fibrinolysis plasmin

100
Q

monocytes

A

become wandering macrophages

101
Q

lymphocytes

A

produce antibodies

102
Q

basophils

A

involved in allergic reactions

103
Q

neutrophils

A

first to respond to a bacterial invasion

104
Q

eosinophils

A

destroy antigen- antibody complexes; combat inflammation

Physiology (7 decks)

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