semester final Flashcards
neck in relation to the head
d. inferior
knee to ankle
ab. proximal
umbilicus to sternum
d. inferiors
big toe to little toe
ae. medial
bone to muscle
bc. deep
knee joint to knee cap
ad. posterior or bc.deep
brachial area to antebrachial area
e. distal
heart to vertebral column
ac. anterior or bc. deep
little finger to index finger
ae. medial
toes to knee
d. inferior
pubic region to pelvic region
d. inferior
skin to muscle
a. superficial
mouth to nose
d. inferior
upper nose to eyes
ae. medial
elbow to shoulder
e. distal
the study of the structure of cells and organs and their relationship to the whole organism is the science of
c. anatomy
the study of the chemical and physical events which occur during various functions of the body is
a. physiology
the plane which divides the body into equal right and left sides
mid-sagittal
the plane which divides the body into posterior and anterior halves is
a. coronal
the study of the cell and all related body structures is the science of
b. cytology
the scientific study of tissue and their related structures and functions is
a. histology
which cavity is not ventral cavity
a. spinal
the structure which separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity is the
d. diaohragm
humans as well as all vertebrates display a symmetry known as
a. bilaterql
which organ is not found withing the thoracic cavity
b. spleen
nearest attachment of an appendage is the definition of
b. proximal
the opposite of medial is
a. lateral
the term meaning toward the surface of the body is
d. deep
the thigh region is also called the
b. femoral
the anterior surface of the knee is the
d. patellar
the armpit is also called the
c. axillary
the posterior portion of the lower leg id called the
c. sural
the thumb is also known as the
d. pollux
the lower portion of the arm is called the
c. antebrachial
the man who’s credited with disproving many of Galen’s theories of medicine was
b. Andrea’s Vesalius
an early civilization which was highly advanced in the areas of surgery/medicine, embalming, and personal hygiene were the
c. Egyptians
Hippocrates, known as the father of medicine, contributed two very large stumbling block to modern medicine these were
A. venesection and E 4 humors
the roman physician of the gladiators who wrote the only working medical text book for the next 1400 years was
c. Galen
if you were a serf of the middle ages, to whom would you have gone to get a burn treated, tooth pulled, or a shave
d. barber/surgeon
two or more organs working together to perform the function or functions is the definition of a
d. organ system
anatomy is basically the study of ____ and physiology id the study of ____
d. structure, function
the scientist who studies the effect of diseases on organ or system functions would be classifies as a
d. pathological physiologist
the two regulatory systems in the human body include the
a. nervous and endocrine system
homeostasis refers to
d. stabilizing internal conditions in physiological systems
when a variation outside of normal limits trigger an automatic response that corrects the situation, the mechanism is called
g. negative feedback
beginning with cells and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is
a. cells, tissue, organs, organ systems
anatomical position refers to a person standing erect, feet facing forward and,
c. arms hanging to sides and palms of hands facing forward with thumbs to the lateral side
layer of the epidermis that’s is constantly undergoing mitosis is
c. stratum germanitivum
layer of the epidermis that contains cells undergoing mitosis
stratum germinativum
corpuscles are specialized nerve ending that make it possible for skin to detect
c. light thouch
deep to the dermis lies of layer of loose and dense connectev tissue and adipose tissue called the
glands that discharge an oily secretion into their hair follicle is the
d. sebaceous glands
the most numerous, important, and wide spread sweat glands in the body are
which area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum lucidum
d. sole of the foot
the basic determinate of skin color is the quantity of
d. melanin
which of the following are tubelike pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis
hair follicles
the layer of the kin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that supply the surface of the skin is the
b. dermis
which of the following is any is NOT found in the dermis layer of the skin
a. melanin
which of the following vitamins is synthesized by the skin
d. vitamin D
which of the following is not a contributing factor to skin color
c. place of birth
accessory structures of the skin include,
d. all of these
the most important function of the skin
a. protection
the order of the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep is
b. corneum, lucidum, granulosum, germanitivum
smooth muscles that produce goose pimple when they contract are
c, arrector pili muscles
which of the following is not function of the skin
d. all are functions of the skin
which of the following is not a function of the skin
c. contracts and relaxes muscles
which of the following does the basic structure of hair and nails form
c. keratin
top layer of epidermis is made of
d. flat, dead cells
which of the following is associated with a hair follicle
which structure acts as the thermoregulatory center and sends out appropriate signals to effectors ( sweat glands) to help regulate temperature of the body
which of the following is not a mechanism of heat loss by the skin
which two layers make skin
the study of the diffrent tissues of the body is called
d. histology
most of the respiratory tract is lined by
a. pseudostratified columnar epithelium
glands which secrete their product by exocytosis an there is no loss of cytoplasm of the secretory cell is what type of gland
c. merocrine
muscle tissue which is striated and forms extensive junctional complexes and has the presence of intercalated discs and only one nucleus per fiber is
a. cardiac muscle
smooth muscle is
e. both a&d (nonstriated and involuntary)
tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is called
b. nervous tissue
epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for
c. secretion
nutrients reach epithelial cells by
diffusion
the cell which accounts for almost half the volume of the blood is the
a. red blood cells
in blood, the intercellular matrix is
a. blood plasma
simple squamous epithelium is found in the
e. two of these
the glycoprotein chondroitin sulfate would be found in the matrix of
a. cartilage
tissue that is specialized for contraction is
d. muscle tissue
the dominant fiber in loose connective tissue is
b. collage
which type of cell does not have a large intercellular matrix
d. simple squamous epithelium
functions of connective tissue include
e. all of these
the most rigid of all body tissue is
c. bone
the type of epithelium that is found lining the blood vessels and other circulatory structures i
a. simple squamous
muscle and nervous tissue have the ability to react to a stimulus. this is called
c. irritability
phagocytic connective tissue cells are the
a. macrophages
fibrous connective tissue is composed primary of
d. collagen
pseudostratified epithelium is found in the
b. trachea
a group of similar cells which work together to perform the same function is
b. tissue
unlike cartilage, bone,
d. has a very good blood supply
functions of epithelial tissue include
e. all of these
the immovable joints of the skull are called
c. sutures
ossification in a long bone starts
a. in the center of the diaphysis
the membranous ossification occurs in the
e. two of thses
the patella is considered a
sesamoid bone
in the adult, active red bone marrow is round in the
d. two of these
yellow bone marrow is
d. two of these
cells responsible for the ossification of the bone are the
b. osteoblasts
which is not a function of the skeletal system
b. provide movement
blood cell production in the fetus occurs in the
c. liver and spleen ?
compact bone is found in the
d. two of these
the first cervical vertebra is called the
the pelvic griddle is composed of
d. bones
the synovial joint which provides the greatest range of motion
c. ball and socket
bones are held in places at a joint by strong bands of connective tissue called
c. ligaments
the following are all part of the appendicular skeleton; cranium, clavicle, and sternum
b. radius
the axial skeleton contains the following
b. skull, sternum, and vertebral column
the outer covering of all bones which plays an important role in the growth, development, and repair of bone is the
b. periosteum
an age related degenerative condition of the joints is
a. osteoarthritis
small fluid filled sacs round in and around synovial joints which lubricate and pad tendond are the
a. bursae
fibrocartilage slightly movable joints are round in the
d. two of thses
parathroid hormone secretion causes the
d. two of these
hematopoiesis in the adult occurs primally in the
a. red bone marrow
the bone which is responsible for the stabilization of the shoulder because of its extensive muscle attachments is the
d. scapula
an auto-immune disease which affects people of various ages which cause severe deformity in the joints and who’s caused is not well understood is
c. rheumatoid arthritis
this diagram is an example of ehich type of lever
d. 2nd class
the haversian canal system of organization is the only found in which type of bone
a. compact bone
the substance in bone which allows it to withstand compression as well as a Leight degree of flexibility
b. collagen
the stretching or tearing of ligaments known as a
d. sparin
a deep depression in a bone in which muscle is attached or located is called a
d. fossa
the number of vertebrae making up the lumbar section of the vertebral column is
d.
which bone is not part of the pelvic girdle
a. humerus
a structure associated with a haversian canal is a
a. lamella
what is the total number of bones in a foot
b. 26
