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Biology 2015/16 > Semester Exam > Flashcards

Semester Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

A process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment.

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2
Q

What does the work of science begin with?

A

Careful observation.

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3
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

Changing a single variable in an experiment.

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4
Q

How does science vary from other disciplines?

A

Science relies strictly on facts or things that can be proven.

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5
Q

When is a hypothesis useful?

A

When it is testable.

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6
Q

Where may a hypothesis come from?

A

Observation, prior knowledge, logical inferences, imagination

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7
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

Life arising from nonliving matter

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8
Q

What is not a goal of science?

A

Something that can’t be proven

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9
Q

What is an inference?

A

Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge.

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10
Q

Why do scientists need to publish the details of important work?

A

So other scientists can replicate their experiments and see if they got the same results, further test them

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11
Q

A tissue is made of what?

A

Individual or similar cells

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12
Q

What is a theory?

A

A well-supported hypotheseis

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13
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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14
Q

What is biology?

A

The study of living things

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15
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Small particles in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein.

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16
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Threadlike structures in the nucleus that contain genetic information passed from one generation to the next.

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17
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A strong layer around the cell membrane that protects the cell.

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18
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

A thin, flexible barrier around the cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A
  • grow and develop
  • reproduce
  • are based on a universal genetic code.
  • obtain energy and materials.
  • respond to their surrounding environment.
  • obtain stable internal conditions
  • change over time.
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20
Q

What makes up the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

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21
Q

Where is the nucleus of a cell? What does it do?

A

The center of the cell; it is the “control center” and controls the rest of the cell

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22
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Building up and breaking down materials.

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23
Q

What is a microscope?

A

A tool that magnifies things that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

24
Q

What is a compound light microscope?

A

A microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image.

25
Q

What is a mitochondria?

A

The powerhouse of a cell that gives it energy.

26
Q

What is a chloroplast?

A

Organelle that works with the mitochondrion to give the cell energy.

27
Q

What is cell fractionation?

A

A technique used to separate different parts of a cell.

28
Q

What is a Golgi apparatus?

A

Organelle that makes proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus.

29
Q

What is a lysosome?

A

“Cleanup crew”; remove waste and unwanted materials from the cell.

30
Q

What are the three particles that make up an atom?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

31
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive

32
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

Neutral

33
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

Negative

34
Q

Where are protons found in an atom?

A

The nucleus

35
Q

Where are neutrons found in the atom?

A

The nucleus

36
Q

Where are electrons found in the atom?

A

Orbiting the nucleus

37
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Gives the cell its shape

38
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Supporting and protecting the cell

39
Q

What did Democritus believe about atoms?

A

Atoms cannot be divided

40
Q

How do you find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

A

Atomic number = the number of protons and elctrons. Atomic mass - atomic number are neutrons.

41
Q

What doesn’t have a cell wall?

A

Animal cells

42
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes have no nucleus, eukaryotes do.

43
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms that have different numbers of neutrons

44
Q

What is a species?

A

Similar organisms that can reproduce.

45
Q

What is a population?

A

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area.

46
Q

What is a community?

A

The assemblage of all the populations living in an area.

47
Q

What is a biome?

A

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and other similar dominant communities.

48
Q

What is a biosphere?

A

The combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists including land, water, and air.

49
Q

Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek?

A

The first person to see living organisms in pond water through a microscope

50
Q

Who is Robert Hooke?

A

Discovered cells by looking at a cork and compared them to tiny chambers in a monastery

51
Q

What is the difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?

A

Covalent bond shares electrons between atoms while ionic bonds transfer the electrons.

52
Q

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

A

Autotrophs (producers) make their own food, while heterotrophs (consumers) rely on other organisms for food.

53
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A series of steps in an ecosystem where organisms transfer energy by eating other organisms and being eaten - 10% of the energy is transfered to the next level and the rest is lost as heat.

54
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

Water enters the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration

55
Q

What is the goal of science?

A

To investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.

Biology 2015/16 (8 decks)

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