Semester Exam Flashcards
How do atoms of a mineral arrange themselves?
Definition patterns called crystals.
What is the difference between a silicate and a non-silicate mineral?
Silicate have silicon and oxygen in them and non-don’t.
What does color tell you about a mineral?
The color on the outside of the mineral.
What does luster tell you about a mineral?
The way the mineral reflects light.
What does streak tell you about a mineral?
Color of the powder the mineral makes.
What does cleavage tell you about a mineral?
The splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces.
What are the four properties of minerals?
Natural, Inorganic, Solid, Definite Crystal Structure
What does fracture tell you about a mineral?
The manner in which a mineral breaks along either curved or irregular surfaces.
What does hardness tell you about a mineral?
A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratch.
What does density tell you about a mineral?
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance.
How is a rock different a your mineral?
Rocks are a bunch of minerals.
What role does erosion and deposition play in the rock cycle?
They break up materials and move them someplace else and place it.
How is a igneous rock formed?
Magma cooling.
How is a metamorphic rock formed?
Sedimentary rocks under a lot of heat and pressure.
How is a sedimentary rock formed?
Igneous rocks been weathered in eroded.
What causes the different textures of igneous rocks?
The time the magma has to cool.
How are sedimentary rocks classified?
The way they are formed.
What are two factors needed to make metamorphic rock.
Heat and pressure.
What is the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource?
Renewable can be used over and over again and nonrenewable can’t.
Give 10 examples of natural resources used for energy.
Natural gas, Coal, Oil, Wind, Propane, Butane, Fast Moving Water, Trees, Geo Thermal, Potatoes.
What are the three layers of the Earth according to composition?
Crust, mantle, core
How is continental crust different from oceanic crust?
Oceanic has twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium as Continental.
What are the five physical layers of earth?
lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, inner core
What is the definition of plate tectonics?
A block of lithosphere that consist of asthenosphere.
Where are the plate tectonics?
On the mantle.
How do plate tectonics move?
Convection currents.
What do scientists use to study earths interior?
Seismic waves.
What causes earthquakes the form?
Elastic deformation.
Order the three types of seismic waves according to when they hit a location.
P waves, S waves, and surface waves
What does the viscosity of lava tell you?
How quickly the lava will flow.
What are the three types of volcanoes?
Shield, Cinder Cone, and Composite
What are some affects of volcanic eruptions?
New landforms, climate changes, fertile soil
What is the difference between the inner planets and the outer planets?
The inner planets are solid, rocky, small, close together, and they have less moons. Outer planets are larger, farther from the sun, far apart, and have many moons.
What order are the planet in?
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto.
What are the two differences between rotation and revolution?
Rotation is the spin and the revolution is the time period.
How is a asteroid different from meteoroid?
Meteoroids are smaller than asteroids.
What is a comet?
A small body of rock and cosmic dust that orbits the sun giving of gas and dust as it gets closer to the sun.
What can you learn about a star from its color and spectrum?
What elements it is made of.
What are the two types of star movement?
Apparent an actual
What is the longest portion of the life of a star?
Main sequence
What two things must be in balance for a nebula to become stable?
Gravity and pressure
How do plants form?
Rock and dust come together to form gravity.
What is the source of the suns energy?
Hydrogen
What caused the layers of the earth to form?
The denser elements sunk to the bottom.
How do rocket to move?
Jet propulsion
What are the different purposes of artificial satellites?
To look at the earth from space and other planets and moons.
When sedimentary rock is exposed to heat and pressure what does it change into?
A metamorphic rock.
Which of the following is not a renewable resource coal, water, animals, trees.
Coal
Gold is a gem used to make jewelry. Is gold a mineral?
Yes
During the rock cycle what forms when magma cools?
Igneous rock.
Some characteristics of minerals can be changed by humans. Which of the following characteristics is the best way to identify a mineral because it cannot be changed?
Streak
Which of the following is a renewable resource? Coal, natural gas, petroleum, or freshwater.
Fresh water
What is strata?
Layers in sedimentary rocks.
What kind of deformation leads to earthquakes?
Elastic
The deep interior of the earth can be mapped by using (Blank)?
Seismic waves
A person who studies earthquakes is called a (Blank)?
Seismologist
What is the area where two tectonic plates meet called?
A boundary
Some scientist Refer to (Blank) as dirty snowballs because they are composed of ice rock and cosmic dust.
Comets
What can a scientist learn about a star from it’s spectrum?
Composition
Why is the planet Uranus considered a gas giant?
Because it has a deep massive atmosphere.
The counterclockwise spin of a planet or moon as seen from above the planet’s north pole is called (blank)?
Retrograde revolution
The length of day is based on the amount of time that…
Earth takes to rotate once on its axis.
Which layer of the earth has the lowest density?
The crust
