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Science > Chapter 12 and 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 and 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell wall

A

Surrounds the cell membrane

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2
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surrounds a plant cell and lies beneath the cell wall

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3
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Contains chlorophyll

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4
Q

Nonvascular

A

Have no tubes to transport water

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5
Q

Vascular

A

Have tubes to transport water, nutrients, and minerals

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6
Q

Gymnosperms

A

Don’t produce flowers

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7
Q

Angiosperms

A

Produce flowers

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8
Q

Pollen

A

The tiny granules that contain the male gametophyte of seed plants

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores water in a cell, helps support the cell

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10
Q

Monocot

A

Has one cotyledon

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11
Q

Dicot

A

Has two cotyledons

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12
Q

Pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structures of female plants

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13
Q

What are characteristics of all plants?

A

Autotrophs, cell walls, reproduction, cuticles, photosynthesis, two stage life cycle

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14
Q

What is the function of the cell parts?

Vacuole

A

Stores water and helps support cell

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15
Q

What is the function of the cell parts?

Chloroplasts

A

This is where photosynthesis happens

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16
Q

What is the function of the cell parts?

Cell wall

A

Supports and protects plant cell

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17
Q

What is the function of the cell parts?

Cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of cell

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18
Q

The category plants is divided into what two categories?

A

Vascular and non vascular

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19
Q

What are example of non vascular plants?

A

Mosses, liverworts, and horntails

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20
Q

Vascular plants are divided into what two groups?

A

Seeds and seedless

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21
Q

What are examples of seedless vascular plants?

A

Ferns, whisk, horsetails, club mosses

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22
Q

Vascular plants with seeds are divided into what two groups?

A

Angiosperms and gymnosperms

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23
Q

What are examples of gymnosperms?

A

Conifers, cycads, ginkgo, and gnetophytes

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24
Q

Angiosperms are divided into what two groups?

A

Monocots and dicots

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25
Q

What are examples of monocots?

A

Psalms, grasses, chides, lilies

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26
Q

What are examples of dicots?

A

Oak, roses, cacti, and sunflower

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27
Q

Cotyledon

A

The food pouch that monocots and dicots have

28
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food

29
Q

Germination

A

Seed becoming a plant

30
Q

Plantlets

A

Tiny plants that grow along the edges of a plant’s leaves and fall off on their own.

31
Q

Tuber

A

Underground stems from which new plants can grow

32
Q

Runner

A

Above ground stems from which new plants can grow

33
Q

Dormant

A

Inactive

34
Q

Transpiration

A

The process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stoma

35
Q

Stoma

A

One of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enables gas exchange to occur

36
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

37
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis

38
Q

Ovary

A

In flowering plants, the lower part of a pistil that produces eggs in ovules

39
Q

Ovule

A

After fertilization takes place it develops into a seed

40
Q

Spongy layer

A

Carbon dioxide moves freely through here and xylem and phloem are found in this layer

41
Q

Cuticle

A

Prevents leaf from water loss

42
Q

Palisade layer

A

Contain many chloroplasts and carbon dioxide moves freely through here

43
Q

Epidermis

A

A single layer of cells that beneath the cuticle

44
Q

Xylem

A

The type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the root

45
Q

Phloem

A

The tissue that conducts food in vascular plants

46
Q

Fibrous root

A

Several roots that spread out from the plants stem

47
Q

Taproot

A

One main root

48
Q

Fertilization

A

Happens when sperm fuses with the egg inside an ovule

49
Q

What advantages do vascular plants have over non vascular plants?

A

They have tubes to deliver water and nutrients and can grow taller and be in different locations

50
Q

What importance do each play?

Non vascular plants

A

They are pioneer species so they helped form soil

51
Q

What importance do each play?

Seedless vascular plants

A

Form soil and prevent soil erosion

52
Q

What importance do each play?

Vascular plants

A

Food and shelter for other organisms

53
Q

What importance do each play?

Gymnosperms

A

Make medications, paper and shelter

54
Q

What importance do each play?

Angiosperms

A

Makes perfume, food, and medication

55
Q

What advantage do seeds provide for their plant?

A

They help protect baby plants, they spread easier, can live in harsh conditions

56
Q

What is unique about each plant’s method of reproduction?

Seedless plant

A

Spores

57
Q

What is unique about each plant’s method of reproduction?

Gymnosperms

A

Cones

58
Q

What is unique about each plant’s method of reproduction?

Angiosperms

A

Flowers

59
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water
Light energy
➡️➡️➡️➡️➡️ glucose + oxygen

60
Q

What can happen to glucose after it is made in photosynthesis?

A

It can be stored as starch or used as energy for cellular respiration

61
Q

Why does a plant need cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A

To move energy through the plant

62
Q

What are the four methods of reproduction for angiosperms?

A

Sexual, tubers, plantlets, runners

63
Q

How does a flower transform into a fruit/seed

A

Ovary holds ovule

64
Q

What is the male reproductive part of a flower and what is it made of?

A

Stamen, made of anther and Filiment

65
Q

What is the female reproductive part of the flower and what is it made if?

A

Pistil, it’s made of stigma, style, and ovary

Science (16 decks)

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