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11 Psychology > Semester 2 - Unit 2 terms to know > Flashcards

Semester 2 - Unit 2 terms to know Flashcards

1
Q

Person perception

A

mental processes used to understand and form impressions of other people

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2
Q

Attribution

A

Evaluation made about causes of behaviour and the process of making his evaluation

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3
Q

Fundemental attribution error

A

Tendency to explain other people behviour from internal factors but ignore possible external factors

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4
Q

Attitude

A

An evaluation of something
Needs:
evaluation, doesn’t change, learnt through experience

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5
Q

Tricomponent model of attitudes ABC

A

Model which illustrates relation ship betwen affective, behavioural and cognitive components

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6
Q

Cognitive disonace

A

Psychological tension when thoughts feelings and or beliefs do not align
cannot sufficiently justify why you performed this behaviour

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7
Q

Cognitive biases

A

Unconcsious tendencies to interpret information in an irrational way

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8
Q

Confirmation bias

A

tendency to search for indo that supports our prior beliefs and ignore contradictory information

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9
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

Tendency to attribute our own actions to external and others to internal

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10
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Tendency to attribute positive successes to internal and failures as external

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11
Q

False consensous bias

A

overestimate the degree to which others share the same ideas and attitudes as us

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12
Q

Halo effect

A

impressions we form about one quality influences our overall beliefs about the person

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13
Q

Heuristics

A

Information processing strategies or mental shortcuts that enable individuals to form judgements make decisions etc

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14
Q

Base rate fallacy

A

Bias which desicions, soial perceptions and judgements are influenced more by memories thanstatistical fact

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15
Q

Enchoring heuristic

A

making judgement based off of first piece of information seen

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16
Q

Avilability heuristic

A

gettting info that easily available

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17
Q

Reresentative heuristic

A

makign categorical judgement based on similarity to other items in that categoy

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18
Q

Affect heuritics

A

information-processing strategy taht involves using meotions

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19
Q

Prejudice

A

often negative preconseption held against people with creating groups or solo

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20
Q

Discrimination

A

Acting of stereotypes and prejudice,
physical acts

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21
Q

Stigma

A

1 - Shame or disgrace when different from others
2 - negative label associated with disapprovel or rejaction by others who are not labelled the same way

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22
Q

Mental well being

A

individuals current psycological state
pro - nutrition, hydrtion, exercise
con - Rumination substance abuse, conflict

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23
Q

Reducing prejudice and stigma

A

Education intergroup content, social media, laws

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24
Q

Social identity theory

A

Tendency for people to favour their in group over their outgroup and enhance their self esteem
can encourage prejudice

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25
Social loafing
reduction in effort due to the belief that others will do it for them (in a group)
26
Milgrams obedience experiment
participants believed they were shocking another individual when told by authority figure voltage served as a measure of obedience many participants administered shocks to a lethal level
27
Conformity
Adjusting one's thoughts feelings or behaviours to match those aorund them
28
Group think
Making a decision where the fact that the group agrees rules over analysing whether its a good idea or not
29
Group shift
A condition in which the influence of the group causes an individual to adopt a more extreme position
30
Asch's conormity study
level of conformity was measured by extent to which participants measured their answers to their peers participant alwasy seated at second last seat answers were given out loud
31
Technological determinism
Technology determines change in culture
32
Social connection
network of people available for support and engagement
33
Social connection pros and cons
Individual - pro - support, social connection cons - pressure to stsy connected Group - Pro - form communities cons - conformity in bullying
34
Social comparison
Self worth based on others around them
35
Social comparison pros and consAddictive behaviours
Behaviours that are associated with a dependence upon a particular stimulus
36
Attentional bias (addiction)
some ones attention becomes distracted when the eaddictive stimuli is present
37
Self determination
Doing behaviour with the influence of others
38
Self determination theory
Self determination is met when autonomy, competence and relatedness are met
39
Reactance
motivational state of distress and resistance because they wanna have freedom after its been removed
40
Individuation
When an individuals contributions to a group are noticeable
41
Deviant subgroups
groups that hold values outside of the norm in society
42
Attention
Focus on something in particular while simultaneously ignoring other information
43
Sensory stimuli
raw pieces of info that are detected by the five senses
44
Sensation
Process of recieving and detecting raw sensory stimuli via sensory organs and sending it to the brain
45
Perception
Process of selecting organising and interpreeting sensory information
46
Salient
distinctive, prominent or important
47
Feature detectors
Specialised cells along the neural pathway connecting to and found within the primary visual cortex
48
Gustatory perception
process of becoming consciously aware of flavour
49
Tastants
Senspry stimuli recieved in the form of chemical molecules that can be tasted
50
Five basic flavours
sweet, slaty, sour, bitter, unami (savoury delciiousness?)
51
Bottum up and top down processing
bu - specific to broad td - broa to specific
52
Schemas
collection of basic knowledge about a concept or stimuli
53
Photo receptors
Sensory receptors of the eye which recieve light and convert this sensory information into a form that can be sent to teh brain
54
Rods
Allow someone to see in low levels of light
55
Cones
Allows someone to see colour and details in well lit conditions
56
Visual activity
level of detail and clarity of vision
57
Refractory errors
Defects in teh eye causing it to not bend light resulting in reduced visual activity
58
Myopia
Short-sightedness due to teh focal point of one or both eyes being located in front of instead of on the retina
59
Depth cues
isual cues that allow someone to percieve the world in three dimensions and judge the distance and position of their environment
60
Monocular depth cues
rely on visual info from one eye accomodation motion parallax pictorial depth cues
61
Accomodation (depth cue)
lens bulging and flattening according to how far away an object is
62
Motion parallax (depth cue)
the less objects in our visual field move, the further they are away from us
63
Pictorial depth cues
relative size height in visual field linear perspective interposition texture gradient
64
Binocular depth cues
rely on visual info from both eyes retinal disparity convergence
65
Retinal disparity (depth cue)
hold finger too close then it goes blurry difference in images from each eye
66
Convergence (depth cue)
muscle strain on eyes
67
Gestalt principles
proximity - group items when they're close similarity - group parts that are similar figure-ground - see some figure as being in front of the image closure - brains ability to mentally complete images
68
Visual constancies
stay same even though they look different size shape brightness
69
perceptual set
predisposition to percieve certain features of sensory stimuli and ignore other features that are deemed irrelevant
70
Age affecting gustatory
sensation of flavours becomes less decline in tatse buds
71
Agnosia
a disorder involving the loss or impairement of the ability to recognise familier stimuli through the use of one or more senses, despite the senses functioning normally
72
synaesthesia
perceptual phenomenon characterised by the experience of unusual perception in one sesnory after another sensory system has been activated
73
SPatial neglect
inability to percieve report or orient sensory info located within one side of space

11 Psychology (5 decks)

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