1B Scientific research methodologies Flashcards
Definition of Investigation methodologies
Any of the different processes, techniques and/or types of studies researchers use to obtain information about psychological phenomena
Definition of Controlled experiments
Type of investigation in which the casual relationship between two variable is tested in a controlled environment
Definition of experimental group
The group of participants in an experiment who are exposed to manipulated independent variable
Definition of control group
Group of participants in an experiment who receive no experimental treatment or intervention in order to serve as a baseline for comparison
Definition of within-subjects design
An experimental design in which participants complete every experimental condition
Definition of between subjects design
An experimental design in which individuals are divided into different groups and complete only one experimental condition
Definition of mixed design
An experimental design which combines elements of within subjects and between subjects designs
Definition of case study
An in depth investigation of an individual, group or particular phenomenon (activity, behaviour, event or problem) that contains a real or hypothetical situation and includes the complexities that would be encountered in the real world
Definition of correlational study
A type of non-experimental study in which researchers observe and measure the relationship between two or more variables without any active control or manipulation of them
Definition of classification
The arrangement of phenomena, objects or events into manageable sets
Definition of identification
A process of recognition of phenomena as belonging to particular sets or possible being part of a new or unique set
Definition of fieldwork
Any research involving observation and interaction with people and environments in real world settings, conducted beyond the lab
Definition of direct observation
Researcher watches and listens to the participants with no direct intervention or involvement
Definition of Qualitive interviews
Researcher asking open ended questions to gather in depth information, may be structured
Definition of questionnaires
Set of questions given digitally or with pen, open ended or closed questions
Definition of focus groups
Qualitive method, discussion with 8-12 people on a topic, groups formed on the basis of some shared characteristics
Definition of yarning circles
Traditional, culturally appropriate approach which involves talking, exchanging ideas, reflection and deep listening without judgement
Definition of literature review
The process of collating and analysing secondary data related to other people’s scientific findings and/or viewpoints in order to answer a question or provide background information to help explain observed events, or as preparation for an investigation to generate primary data
Definition of primary data
Collected first hand by researcher
Definition of secondary data
Collected by others
Definition of modelling
The construction and/or manipulation of either a physical model, such as a small or large scale representation of an object, or a conceptual model that represents a system involving concepts that help people know, understand, or simulate the system
Definition of Product, Process or system development
The design or evaluation of an artefact, process or system to meet a human need, which may involve technological applications, in addition to scientific knowledge and procedures
Definition of simulation
A process of using a model to study the behaviour of a real or theoretical system
