1B Scientific research methodologies

Question 1

Definition of Investigation methodologies

Answer 1

Any of the different processes, techniques and/or types of studies researchers use to obtain information about psychological phenomena

Question 2

Definition of Controlled experiments

Answer 2

Type of investigation in which the casual relationship between two variable is tested in a controlled environment

Question 3

Definition of experimental group

Answer 3

The group of participants in an experiment who are exposed to manipulated independent variable

Question 4

Definition of control group

Answer 4

Group of participants in an experiment who receive no experimental treatment or intervention in order to serve as a baseline for comparison

Question 5

Definition of within-subjects design

Answer 5

An experimental design in which participants complete every experimental condition

Question 6

Definition of between subjects design

Answer 6

An experimental design in which individuals are divided into different groups and complete only one experimental condition

Question 7

Definition of mixed design

Answer 7

An experimental design which combines elements of within subjects and between subjects designs

Question 8

Definition of case study

Answer 8

An in depth investigation of an individual, group or particular phenomenon (activity, behaviour, event or problem) that contains a real or hypothetical situation and includes the complexities that would be encountered in the real world

Question 9

Definition of correlational study

Answer 9

A type of non-experimental study in which researchers observe and measure the relationship between two or more variables without any active control or manipulation of them

Question 10

Definition of classification

Answer 10

The arrangement of phenomena, objects or events into manageable sets

Question 11

Definition of identification

Answer 11

A process of recognition of phenomena as belonging to particular sets or possible being part of a new or unique set

Question 12

Definition of fieldwork

Answer 12

Any research involving observation and interaction with people and environments in real world settings, conducted beyond the lab

Question 13

Definition of direct observation

Answer 13

Researcher watches and listens to the participants with no direct intervention or involvement

Question 14

Definition of Qualitive interviews

Answer 14

Researcher asking open ended questions to gather in depth information, may be structured

Question 15

Definition of questionnaires

Answer 15

Set of questions given digitally or with pen, open ended or closed questions

Question 16

Definition of focus groups

Answer 16

Qualitive method, discussion with 8-12 people on a topic, groups formed on the basis of some shared characteristics

Question 17

Definition of yarning circles

Answer 17

Traditional, culturally appropriate approach which involves talking, exchanging ideas, reflection and deep listening without judgement

Question 18

Definition of literature review

Answer 18

The process of collating and analysing secondary data related to other people’s scientific findings and/or viewpoints in order to answer a question or provide background information to help explain observed events, or as preparation for an investigation to generate primary data

Question 19

Definition of primary data

Answer 19

Collected first hand by researcher

Question 20

Definition of secondary data

Answer 20

Collected by others

Question 21

Definition of modelling

Answer 21

The construction and/or manipulation of either a physical model, such as a small or large scale representation of an object, or a conceptual model that represents a system involving concepts that help people know, understand, or simulate the system

Question 22

Definition of Product, Process or system development

Answer 22

The design or evaluation of an artefact, process or system to meet a human need, which may involve technological applications, in addition to scientific knowledge and procedures

Question 23

Definition of simulation

Answer 23

A process of using a model to study the behaviour of a real or theoretical system