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11 Psychology > Semester 1 revision hard stuff not eerything > Flashcards

Semester 1 revision hard stuff not eerything Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypothesis

A

Testable prediction that is either supported or rejected

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2
Q

Controlled experiment

A

casual relationship between two variables is tested in a controlled environment
Pro - high level of control, Con - Time consuming

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3
Q

Case study

A

In depth investigation that contains real or hypothetical situation and includes complexities from the real world
Pro - hihgly detailed information, Con - researcher bias

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4
Q

Correlational study

A

Non-experimental study where you observe and measure relationship between two variabled without any control
Pro - No manipulation of variables, Con - can’t draw conclusions about cause and affect

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5
Q

Classification and Identification

A

Arrangement of things into manageable sets, recognition as belonging to particular sets
Pro - Helps simplify, explain and describe phenomena, Con - Over simplify reality

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6
Q

Fieldwork

A

Any research involving observation and interaction with thing in real world
Pro - Applicable to real world, Con - Time consuming and expensive

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7
Q

Literature review

A

Process of collecting and analysing secondary data to answer a question
Pro - Can uncover patterns or gaps of knowledge, Con - difficult if tehre is little research on topic

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8
Q

Modelling

A

Construction or manipulation of physical or conceptual model
Pro - Know, understand and problem solve, Con - may inaccurately represent reality

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9
Q

Product, process or system development

A

Design of thing ot meet human need
Pro - Created things that are needed, Con - expensive, time consuming

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10
Q

Simulation

A

Process of using model to study behaviour of a real or theoretical system
Pro - Insight to potential circumstances and events, Con - Human and programming error

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11
Q

Mixed design

A

Combines within and between design, sorts by sub categories, then ensures each is in each experimental condition

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12
Q

Order effects

A

participants order tehy complete experiments affect their behaviour

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13
Q

Placebo effect

A

Participants respond to inactive substance or treatment as a result of their expectations or beliefs

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14
Q

Experimentor effect

A

Expectations of teh experimentor affec teh outcomes

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15
Q

Situational variables

A

Environmental factor that may affect variables

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16
Q

Non-standardised instructions and procedures

A

when directions and procedures differ across participants or experimental conditions

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17
Q

Mode (math)

A

most common number

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18
Q

True value

A

value or range that would be found if the quantity could be measured perfectly

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19
Q

Systematic errors

A

errors that differ by consistent amount

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20
Q

Random errors

A

Errors that differ by rangin maount , unsystematic, occur by chance

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21
Q

Uncertainty

A

lack of exact knowledge relating to something being measured due to potential sources of variation in knowledge

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22
Q

Internal validity

A

Extent investigation measures what it claims to

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23
Q

External validity

A

Extent that results of investigation can be applied to similar individuals in different settings

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24
Q

Beneficence

A

Commitment to maximising benefits and minimising risks

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25
Q

Integrity

A

Commintment to searching for knowledge, honest reporting of sources

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26
Q

Justice

A

Moral obligation to ensure that there is fair consideration of competing claims, no unfiar burden

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27
Q

non-malificence

A

avoiding causing harm

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28
Q

respect

A

living things have value

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29
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

holistic framework for understnading human experience

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30
Q

Attachment

A

Longlasting bond between two individuals

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31
Q

Secure attachment

A

Able to form healthy bonds, independent and self-sufficient, high levels of self esteem

32
Q

Insecure avoidant attachment

A

DIfficult to form strong bonds, tends to ignore own emotions, avoids depending on otehrs for help

33
Q

Insecure anxious attachment

A

Heavily depends on otehrs for support seeks others to ‘complete’ them

34
Q

Strange situation test

A

Mary Ainsworth with child, primary caregiver and stranger

35
Q

Sesorimotor stage

A

0-2, goal orientation, object permenence

36
Q

Preoperational stage

A

2-7, ecocentrism, reversibility, overcome centration

37
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

7-12, conservation, classification, simple mental operations

38
Q

Formal operational stage

A

12+, abstract thought, reason and logic

39
Q

Eriksons 8 stages

A

0-1, trust vs mistrust
1-3 autonomy vs shame/doubt
3-6 initiative vs guilt
6-12 industry vs inferiority
12-19 identity vs role confusion
19-30 intimacy vs isolation
30-64 generativity vs stagnation
64+ integrity vs despair

40
Q

Maturation

A

Biologically programmed process of growth that has a fixed sequence and facilitaties all aspects of our development as we grow

41
Q

Cultural perspectives

A

Influence of society and community on ones thoughts

42
Q

Personal distress

A

self-orientated emotional reaction

43
Q

Normality

A

Deviating from the normal, normally negative

44
Q

Functional approach (normality)

A

feelings and behaviours can cope with every day life

45
Q

HIstorical approach

A

percieved normality changes throughout time

46
Q

Medical approach

A

abnormality normally has underlying biological issues

47
Q

Statistical approach

A

Normality based on how majority htink and feel

48
Q

Situational approach

A

acceptable in different contexts

49
Q

Neurotypicality

A

neurological an dcognitive functioning in a way that is typical or expected

50
Q

ADHD

A

Hyperfocus, struggle with attention

51
Q

Autism

A

Good at remmbering facts, unable to make or keep eye contact

52
Q

Dyslexia

A

Bad spelling, problem solving

53
Q

Mental wellbeing

A

current psychological state

54
Q

Culturally responsive practises

A

repsonding to needs of diverse communities and demonstrating openness to new idesas that align with different sultural beliefs, ideas and values

55
Q

Hemispheric specialistion

A

Difference in funciton between hemispheres, etc left controls right

56
Q

Medulla

A

Autonomic, reflexses

57
Q

Pons

A

Relays info throughout brain, respiratory system - sleep, conscience

58
Q

Cerebellum

A

Skeletal muscle movement, balance and posture

59
Q

Reticular formation

A

Filter neural information travelling to brain, relay relating to survival and reflexive functions, sleep etc, physiological arousal and alertness

60
Q

Hypothalamus

A

optimal functioning - internal processes, hunger thirst, blood pressure, Limbic system - emotion motivated behaviours

61
Q

Thalamus

A

Filtering and relay system for sensory info (not smell), motor signals between high and low brain

62
Q

Amygdala

A

Threat and fear, instincts

63
Q

Hippocmapus

A

Learning and memory, temporal

64
Q

Adaptive plasticity

A

recovering overtime becuase of injuries

65
Q

Developmental plasticity

A

Occurs while growing up/ageing

66
Q

Rerouting

A

Form connections with damaged neurons

67
Q

Ways of maintaining brain functions

A

Diet, exercise, social support, mental stimulation

68
Q

ABI impacts on functioning (biopsychosocial)

A

Bio - seizures, Psych - memory loss, social - social support

69
Q

Epilepsy definiton

A

Neurological disorder, reoccurent and unprovoked seizures

70
Q

Seizures

A

uncontrollable and unrestricted electrical discharging of neurons in brain

71
Q

Epilepsy symptoms

A

Seizures -
Involuntary shaking
loss of consciousness and awareness
A ‘warning’/’aura’ before seizure

72
Q

Machine learning deinfition

A

Artificial intelligence that allows software to become more accurate at predicting outcomes by mimicking how humans learn

73
Q

Machine learning - Supervised learning

A

Use of labelled data to train algorithyms how to classify data or predict outcomes
- Used to diagnose neurological disorders efficiently and accurately
- Detect what stage a disorder is in

74
Q

Machine learning - Unsupervised learning

A

Using algorithyms to identify patterns or trends
- Analyse demographics of individuals with neurological disorders that may have been overlooked

75
Q

CTE definition

A

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Progressive and fatal neurodegeneratice disease associated with repeated head blows or concussions
can only be diagnosed after death

76
Q

CTE symptoms

A

Loss of attention and concentration
depressiona and anxiety
Impairments in executive funcitoning - decision making

77
Q

CTE how its present

A

BUild up of p-tau results in neurfibrillary tangles that disrupt neuronal functioning and leads to death of neurons

11 Psychology (5 decks)

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