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semester 2 study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

which of the following events occurred first

a. the treaty of fort laramie
b. the death of sitting bull
c. the sand creek massacre
d. the massacre at wounded knee

A

c

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2
Q

what was not central to the life and culture of the plains indians in the 1800s

A

land ownership

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3
Q

which of the following was most responsible for bringing an end to the era of the wide-open western frontier

a. the railroad
b. barbed wire
c. sheep ranching
d. bonanza farming

A

a

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4
Q

which of the following marked the collapse of populism

a. the panic of 1893
b. the founding of the grange
c. the “cross of gold” speech
d. the election of william mckinley

A

d

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5
Q

most native americans responded to restrictions placed upon them by the U.S. gov by

A

ignoring the restrictions

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6
Q

the mexican vaquero influenced the american cowboy in all of the following areas except

a. politics
b. language
c. clothing
d. food

A

a

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7
Q

bimetallism would allow for the exchange of paper currency for

A

either gold or silver

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8
Q

homesteader

A

settler who farmed land given by the federal gov

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9
Q

bonanza farm

A

massive single-crop farm owned by railroad companies and private investors

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10
Q

what marked the end of the wars between the federal gov and the plains indians

A

the massacre at wounded knee

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11
Q

who were the exodusters

A

former slaves from the south who settled on the great plains

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12
Q

why did plains farmers in the late 1800s tend to support bimetallism

A

it would put more money in circulation

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13
Q

what did not intensify the debts that plains farmers had during the late 1800s

A

a shrinking supply of farm land

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14
Q

invented the typewriter

A

christopher sholes

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15
Q

first successfully used a steam engine to remove oil from beneath the earth’s surface

A

edwin l. drake

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16
Q

ran the american railway union and later ran for president several times as a socialist

A

eugene v. debs

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17
Q

scottish immigrant who made a fortune in steel and donated most of his profits

A

andrew carnegie

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18
Q

organized coal miners, their wives, and their children to fight for better working conditions

A

mary harris “mother” jones

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19
Q

created trusts and was criticized as a robber baron while serving as head of the standard oil company

A

john d. rockefeller

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20
Q

perfected the incandescent light bulb, created an electrical power system, and organized power plants

A

thomas alva edison

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21
Q

developed a cheap and effective manufacturing process for making steel

A

henry bessemer

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22
Q

opened the way for worldwide communications with invention of the telephone

A

alexander graham bell

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23
Q

railroad-car mogul who built a town to house his employees

A

george m. pullman

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24
Q

why was pullman, illinois, and unusual town

A

it as built by a company to house its workers

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25
Q

what did social darwinism discourage

A

gov. regulations

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26
Q

what place did 146 female workers die in a fire

A

the triangle shirtwaist factory

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27
Q

why were scabs unpopular with striking workers during the late 1800s

A

they were workers used to break strikes

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28
Q

what made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the 1800s

A

new methods of making steel

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29
Q

what did industrial consolidation and trusts reduce during the late 1800s

A

competition

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30
Q

who organized the industrial workers of the world

A

radical unionists and socialists

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31
Q

what resulted from the investigation of the triangle shirtwaist fire

A

changes in local labor laws for women and children

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32
Q

what was the goal of the interstate commerce act

A

to lower excessive railroad rates

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33
Q

the main purpose of the company known as credit mobilier was to

A

steal railroad money for its shareholders

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34
Q

all of the following factors contributed to the immense industrial boom of the early 1900s except

a. a wealth of natural resources
b. gov. support for business
c. a growing urban population
d. the emergence of the middle class

A

d

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35
Q

the sherman antitrust act

A

outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade

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36
Q

the great strike of 1877 took place in the

A

railroad industry

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37
Q

in the late 1800s, collective bargaining was a technique used to

A

win workers’ rights

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38
Q

the use of standardized time and time zones was introduced in order to benefit

A

railroad companies and train travelers

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39
Q

social darwinism was used to justify all of the following except

a. the existence of poverty
b. the success of big business
c. the power of millionaire industrialists
d. gov regulation of business

A

d

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40
Q

vertical integration, a business strategy used by steel mogul andrew carnegie, involves

A

buying out raw material producers and distributors

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41
Q

the interstate commerce act gave the right to supervise railroad activities to

A

the federal gov

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42
Q

invented the typewriter

A

christopher sholes

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43
Q

invented the telephone

A

alexander graham bell

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44
Q

developed an efficient technique for transforming iron into steel

A

henry bessemer

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45
Q

why did the policy of treating the great plains as a huge reservation change

A

white settlers began wanting the land on the plains

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46
Q

introduced an efficient means of retrieving oil from beneath the earth’s surface

A

edwin l. drake

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47
Q

perfected the incandescent light bulb at his research lab in menlo park, NJ

A

thomas alva edison

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48
Q

developed an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power and organized power plants around the nation

A

thomas alva edison

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49
Q

formed american railway union

A

eugene v. debs

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50
Q

process by which a company buys out all of its suppliers

A

vertical integration

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51
Q

millionaire tycoon who made his riches in the steel industry

A

andrew carnegie

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52
Q

focused on collective bargaining and used strikes as a major tactic

A

american federation of labor

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53
Q

made it illegal for corporations to interfere with free interstate or international trade

A

sherman antitrust act

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54
Q

a corporation that does nothing but buy out the stock of other companies

A

holding company

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55
Q

supporter of the great strike on 1877 and organizer of the unitd mine workers of america

A

mary harris jones

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56
Q

organized in chicago, 1905, by a group of radical unionists and socialists

A

industrial workers of the world

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57
Q

theory that justified the efforts of millionaires and discouraged gov interference in the big business

A

social darwinism

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58
Q

a corpotation made up of many companies that receive certificates entitling them to dividends on profits earned

A

trust

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59
Q

a market in which one company has complete control over an industry’s production quality, wages paid, and prices charged

A

mononpoly

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60
Q

the main immigration processing station in san francisco was called

A

angel island

61
Q

the main goal of the chinese exclusion act was to

A

decrease chinese immigration

62
Q

the main goal of the americanization movement was to

A

assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture

63
Q

the row house was a new type of housing that conserve space by

A

sharing side walls with other buildings

64
Q

settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by

A

social reformers

65
Q

the illegal use of political influence for personal gain is called

A

graft

66
Q

tammany hall was the name of

A

a new york city political machine

67
Q

an example of patronage would be

A

appointing a friend to a political position

68
Q

the stalwarts were strong supporters of

A

the spoils system

69
Q

the pendleton civil service act required

A

applicants for gov jobs to pass examinations

70
Q

the inventor of the popular roll-film camera was __

A

george eastman

71
Q

in chicago, ___ opened the first department store in the nation

A

marshall field

72
Q

the landscape architect ___ led the movement for planned urban parks

A

frederick law olmsted

73
Q

the first skyscraper was designed by ___

A

louis sullivan

74
Q

according to ___, educated blacks should be immediately join the mainstream of society

A

w. e. b. dubois

75
Q

the first powered airplane was developed by ___

A

orville and wilbur wright

76
Q

by writing and lecturing, ___ tried to end the lynching of african americans

A

ida b. wells

77
Q

novelist and humorist ___ wrote books that have become american classics

A

mark twain

78
Q

the tuskegee institute was founded by ___ to help african americans develop useful job skills

A

booker t. washington

79
Q

competing with joseph pulitzer, ___ published sensational stories in his newspapers

A

william randolph hearst

80
Q

the factor that prevented the greatest number of children from attending public high schools was

A

racism

81
Q

southern states sometimes used a grandfather clause to allow them to

A

keep african americans from voting while allowing whites to do so

82
Q

cities in the late 19th century expanded with the development of all of the following except

a. subways
b. skyscrapers
c. airplanes
d. suspension bridges

A

c

83
Q

daniel burnham’s plan for the city of chicago emphasized

A

a lakefront park system

84
Q

skyscrapers were made possible by the invention of

A

the elevator and a steel framework

85
Q

in the southwest, many mexicans earned a living as

A

railroad workers and agricultural laborers

86
Q

all of the following became popular around the turn of the 20th century except

a. european literature
b. professional baseball
c. vaudeville theater
d. amusement parks

A

a

87
Q

jim crow laws were laws that

A

separated the races

88
Q

what was not a trend in education around 1900

A

most african americans attending high school

89
Q

in the case of plessy v. ferguson, the supreme court ruled that

A

racial segregation in pubic facilities was legal

90
Q

which development in the late 1900s allowed cities to expand outward

A

new railroad lines

91
Q

which development lowered the price of newspapers to a penny a copy

A

a printing press that simultaneously printed both sides of the paper

92
Q

what was not true of public education around 1900

A

the number of blacks attending public school was rapidly catching up with whites

93
Q

who expressed the belief that racism would end as blacks acquired practical work skills and proved their economic value to society

A

booker t. washington

94
Q

what did not keep african americans in the south from voting

A

the separate-but-equal doctrine

95
Q

the popularity of bicycling and amusement parks reflected which trend of the 1900s

A

an interest in leisure activities

96
Q

what effect can be traced directly to the supreme court’s ruling in plessy v. ferguson

A

racial segregation was permitted for nearly 60 years

97
Q

how did george eastman contribute to an explosion in the popularity of photography

A

by inventing a camera that used roll film instead of heavy glass plates

98
Q

how did the introduction of the bicycle affect women’s lives

A

it made many women feel more independent

99
Q

what type of fiction was very popular around the turn of the 20th century

A

western adventure tales

100
Q

reform movement that sought to return contol of the gov to the people

A

progressivism

101
Q

president of the united states who was a former president of princeton university and governor of NJ

A

woodrow wilson

102
Q

an advocate for improving the lives of women and children

A

florence kelley

103
Q

muckraking journalist who exposed the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry

A

upton sinclair

104
Q

the movement to protect america’s natural resources

A

conservation

105
Q

the term used to describe the progressive reforms of president theodore roosevelt

A

square deal

106
Q

watchdog agency given the power to stop unfair business practices

A

federal trade commission

107
Q

president whose actions split the republican party after he angered both progressives and conservationists

A

william h. taft

108
Q

a plan that reformed how american banks were organized

A

federal reserve system

109
Q

a leader of the woman suffrage movement

A

susan b. anthony

110
Q

what was not a cause of world war i

A

american isolationism

111
Q

where did the assassination that triggered world war i occur

A

bosnia

112
Q

what caused widespread starvation in germany

A

the british blockade

113
Q

what did the united states use to overcome the threat of german u-boats

A

groups of guarded ships

114
Q

what was a result of the selective service act

A

men were required to register for military service

115
Q

what weapons of mechanized warfare were introduced in world war i

A

airplanes and tanks

116
Q

which of the following nations suffered the fewest casualties

a. france
b. great britain
c. austria-hungary
d. the united states

A

d

117
Q

which of the following nations was not a member of the big four

a. italy
b. france
c. russia
d. great britain

A

c

118
Q

who rejected wilson’s fourteen points peace plan

A

allied leaders

119
Q

what reason did senators give for opposing u.s. membership in the league of nations

A

it would drag the united states into european conflicts

120
Q

what was the length of the entire western front in september 1914

A

about 400 miles

121
Q

the policy that kept the united states out of the war for three years was called

A

neutrality

122
Q

because militarism had been a major cause of the war, the framers of the treaty of versailles

A

barred germany from maintaining an army

123
Q

the war might have involved only two nations, austria-hungary and serbia, if not for

A

the alliance system

124
Q

the schliffen plan was effective because it

A

allowed germany to drive quickly toward the french capital

125
Q

what was the most compelling reason for the united states to enter the war was

A

the outrage of american citizens over german submarine warfare

126
Q

the espionage and sedition acts affected freedom of speech because they

A

allowed the gov to silence ideas that challenged its authority

127
Q

labor leaders were targeted by the espionage and sedition acts because they

A

demanded better conditions for workers, even during a war crisis

128
Q

gains made by american women during world war i include

A

increased support for women’s right to vote

129
Q

the treaty of versailles overlooked the importance of

A

treating all nations justify, including the losers of a war

130
Q

his assassination sparked world war i

A

archduke franz ferdinand

131
Q

this british liner was sunk by a german u-boat

A

lusitania

132
Q

these people opposed world war i because they perceived all wars as evil

A

pacifists

133
Q

these people opposed world war i because they saw it as an imperialist struggle

A

socialists

134
Q

in 1914, this alliance consisted of france, great britain, and russia

A

allies

135
Q

in 1914, this alliance consisted of germany, austria-hungary, and the ottoman empire

A

central powers

136
Q

this contained a suggestion of an alliance between mexico and germany that deeply angered the american people

A

zimmermann note

137
Q

this long-term cause of the war involved the development of the armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy

A

militarism

138
Q

closely linked with industrialization, this long-term cause of the war involved a contest for colonies

A

imperialism

139
Q

in the battle of the somme, this resulted in the exchange of seven miles of territory at the cost of 1.2 million casualties

A

trench warfare

140
Q

this long-term cause of the war encouraged competitiveness between nations and encouraged various ethnic groups to attempt to create nations of their own

A

nationalism

141
Q

he commanded the american expeditionary force (aef)

A

general john j. pershing

142
Q

admiral william s. sims convinced the british to use this as a hindrance to german u-boat attacks

A

convoy system

143
Q

this term describes a person who opposes warfare on moral grounds

A

conscientious objector

144
Q

this began with the introduction of the tank and the airplane as weapons

A

mechanized warfare

145
Q

having shot down at least 29 enemy planes, he was america’s leading ace pilot in the war

A

captain eddie rickenbacker

146
Q

this involved merchant vessels traveling in large groups with naval ships acting as guards

A

convoy system

147
Q

this required men to register with the gov. in order to be randomly selected for military service

A

selective service act

148
Q

although american women served in the navy, marines, and army corps of nurses, they were not subject to this

A

selective service act

149
Q

armed only with a rifle an a revolver, he killed 25 germans, silenced 35 enemy machine guns, and, with 6 other soldiers, captured 132 prisoners

A

alvin york

us history (6 decks)

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