Ch 14

Question 1

attempted to form such an industrial union-the American Railroad union (ARU)

Answer 1

eugene v. debs

Question 2

invented the typewriter in 1867

Answer 2

christopher sholes

Question 3

established standard oil company, joined with competing companies in trust agreements

Answer 3

john d. rockefeller

Question 4

1876-became a pioneer on the industrial frontier when he established the world’s first research lab in Menlo Park, NJ
-there he perfected the incandescent light bulb-patented in 1880-and later invented an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power

Answer 4

thomas alva edison

Question 5

• most prominent organizer in women’s movement
• supported great strike of 1877
• organized for union mine workers of america
• nicknamed mother jones
• 1903, led 80 mill children with injuries on a march to theodore roosevelt-later influenced passage of child labor laws

Answer 5

mary harris jones

Question 6

built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars; built a luxurious town for employees, but workers rebelled in a strike when he cut pay and didn’t lower rent costs in 1894

Answer 6

george m. pullman

Question 7

unveiled the telephone with thomas watson in 1876

Answer 7

alexander graham bell

Question 8

• came to America in 1848
• the first industrial mongul to make his own fortune
• rags to riches story and passion for charity made him a model of the american success story

Answer 8

andrew carnegie

Question 9

developed bessemer process around 1850

by 1880-this method was used to produce more than 90% of the nation’s steel

Answer 9

henry bessemer

Question 10

1859, successfully used a steam engine to drill for oil near titusville, pennsylvania
-this idea became practical

Answer 10

edwin l. drake

Question 11

an organization or company managed by trustees; a large company that has or attempts to gain monopolistic control of a market

Answer 11

trust

Question 12

exclusive legal control of a commercial activity

Answer 12

monopoly

Question 13

a labor organization for unskilled workers formed by a group of radical unionists and socialists in 1905

Answer 13

industrial workers of the world

Question 14

a corporation that did nothing but buy out the stock of other companies

Answer 14

holding company

Question 15

an economic and social philosophy-supposedly based on the biologist charles darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection-holding that a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest

Answer 15

social darwinism

Question 16

company’s taking over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over the quality and cost of its product

Answer 16

vertical integration

Question 17

a law, enacted in 1890, that was intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade

Answer 17

sherman antitrust act

Question 18

an alliance of trade and craft union, formed in 1886

Answer 18

american federation of labor

Question 19

why was pulman, illinois so unique

Answer 19

it was firmly under company control, built to house employees
there was a strike in 1894 after george pullman cut payments and didn’t lower rent

Question 20

what did social darwinism discourage

Answer 20

government regulation

Question 21

what happened in the triangle shirtwaist factory

Answer 21

146 female workers died in a fire because they had no way to escape

Question 22

why were scabs unpopular during the late 1800s

Answer 22

they were workers used to break strikes

Question 23

what made skyscrapers possible

Answer 23

elevators, invention of steel

Question 24

what did industrial consolidation and trusts reduce

Answer 24

competition

Question 25

who organized industrial workers of the world

Answer 25

radical unionists and socialists

Question 26

what was the result of the investigation of the triangle shirtwaist factory fire

Answer 26

changes in local laws for women and children

Question 27

what is the goal of the interstate commerce act

Answer 27

to lower excessive railroad rates

Question 28

what is the purpose of the credit mobillier

Answer 28

steak railroad money for its shareholders

Question 29

what contributed tot he industrial boom

Answer 29

a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, a growing urban population

Question 30

hat is the sherman antitrust act

Answer 30

outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade

Question 31

what was the great strike of 1877

Answer 31

a huge strike against a railroad industry in june/july for months

Question 32

what is collective bargaining

Answer 32

a technique to win workers’ rights

Question 33

who introduced standardized time zones and what are they

Answer 33

Sanford fleming

used in town of pullman; times were set to organize and benefit railroad companies and train travelers

Question 34

what did social darwinism justify

Answer 34

existence of poverty, success of big businesses, power of millionaire industrialists

Question 35

what is vertical integration and who used this technique

Answer 35

andrew carnegie

a business strategy that involves buying out raw material producers and distributors

Question 36

what is the interstate commerce act and what effect did it have on the railroads

Answer 36

1887, gave the federal government the right to supervise railroad activities

• tried to lower excessive railroad rates
• some railroads became bankrupt

Question 37

what magazine is the picture from and when was it printed

Answer 37

Puck Magazine

January 23, 1889