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us history > ch 7 and 8 > Flashcards

ch 7 and 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

a skilled artisan, usually one owning a business and employing others

A

master

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2
Q

a worker learning a trade or craft under master

A

apprentice

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3
Q

a skilled worker employed by a master

A

journeyman

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4
Q

a system of production in which manufacturers provide the materials for goods to be produced in the home

A

cottage industry

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5
Q

young women who worked in the mills under poor conditions

A

lowell mill workers

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6
Q

the first national association of trade unions, formed in 1834

A

national trades union

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7
Q

first court case to defend the rights of workers by legalizing strikes

A

commonwealth v. hunt

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8
Q

came during the potato famine and accepted poor paying jobs

A

irish immigrants 70s/80s

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9
Q

the political party formed in 1834 to ppose the policies of Andrew jackson

A

whigs

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10
Q

john c calhoun’s name for an 1828 tariff increase that seemed to southerners to be enriching the north at their expense

A

tariff of abominations

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11
Q

jackson’s second vice president, engineered jackson’s 1828 campaign, president after jackson

A

martin van buren

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12
Q

calhoun’s theory that if a federal law went against states’ rights, they could nullify it

A

nullification theory

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13
Q

senator from massachusetts who debated that states didn’t have the right to nullify

A

daniel webster

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14
Q

jackon issued this to allow the federal government to use force against south carolina if they refused to pay the tariff

A

force bill

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15
Q

harrison’s vice president and successor, newer supposed to have politial sway because he opposed whig policies, only on the ballot for southern vote

A

john tyler

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16
Q

big fighter for states’ rights

A

john c calhoun

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17
Q

“tippecanoe and tyler too”, died of pneumonia shortly after inauguration, successor of martin van buren

A

william henry harrison

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18
Q

19th century religious movement on which individual responsibility for seeking salvation was emphasized, along with need for personal and social improvement

A

second great awakening

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19
Q

a religious gathering designed to reawaken faith through impassioned preachings

A

revivals

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20
Q

philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s that emphasized having a simple life founded in Natwe and in personal emotion and imagination

A

transcendentalism

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21
Q

leader in transcendentalism who lived in solitude on walden pond

A

henry david thoreau

22
Q

states started education taxes to support public schools, first one in massachusetts

A

taxes

23
Q

worked for reform in asylums and better conditions for mentally ill

A

Dorothea dix

24
Q

an experimental community designed to be a perfect society in which it’s members live together in harmony

A

utopian community

25
Q

the change in social and economic organization that resulted from the replacement of hand tools with machines and from the development of large-scale industrial production

A

industrial revolution

26
Q

invented the cotton gin in 1793-made it possible for southerners to grow cotton for a profit

A

eli whitney

27
Q

a house speaker that promoted the american system

  • believed the america system would unite the nation’s economic interests:north-produce manufactured goods, south and west would buy; south and west produce most of the grain, meat, and cotton needed in the north
  • a nationally accepted currency and improved transportation network would facilitate the exchange of goods
A

henry clay

28
Q

a protective tariff designed to aid american industries

A

tariff of 1816

29
Q

a 363 mile long artificial waterway connecting the hudson river with lake erie, built between 1817 and 1825

A

erie canal

30
Q

an 1819 case in which the supreme court ruled that maryland had no right to tax the bank of the u.s., thereby strengthening the power of the federal government’s control over the economy

A

mcculloch v. maryland

31
Q

secretary of state that established a foreign policy guided by nationalism

A

john quincy adams

32
Q

a policy of u.s. opposition to any european interference in the affairs of the western hemisphere, announced by president monroe in 1823

A

monroe doctrine

33
Q

a devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation

A

nationalism

34
Q

a series of agreements passed by congress in 1820-1821 to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states

A

missouri compromise

35
Q

a rule limiting or preventing debate on an issue

A

gag rule

36
Q

born into slavery in 1800 in southampton county, virginia

  • took a group and killed 60 whites, but was captured, tried, and hanged
  • this rebellion strengthened the resolve of southern whites to defend slavery and to control their slaves
A

nat turner

37
Q

belonging to the period before the civil war

A

antebellum

38
Q

the freeing of slaves

A

emancipation

39
Q

a free black who advised blacks to fight for freedom rather than to wait for slave owners to end slavery (written in his appeal to the colored citizens of the world, published in 1829)

A

david walker

40
Q

born into slavery in 1817, taught to read by his owner’s wife (realize knowledge could mean the pathway to freedom); escaped his slaveowner and became a free man; supporter of the liberator and started his own newspaper called the north star

A

frederick douglass

41
Q

the most radical white abolitionist, started a newspaper called the liberator in 1831 to deliver an uncompromising message: immediate emancipation
-also founded the new england anti-slavery society in 1832, followed by the american anti-slavery society founded a year later

A

william lloyd garrison

42
Q

worked with lucretia mott to hold a women’s rights conventions that would later become known as the seneca falls convention

A

elizabeth cady stanton

43
Q

worked with elizabeth cady stanton to hold a women’s rights convention that would later become known as the seneca falls convention

A

lucretia mott

44
Q

daughters of a fouth carolina slaveholder who spoke eloquently for abolition

  • 1836, angelina published an appeal to christian women of the south in which she asked for women to work together to overthrow slavery
  • criticized by massachusetts clergy
A

sarah and angelina grimke

45
Q

Isabella baumfree, a slave for the first 30 years of her life who decided to travel and preach
-1815-spoke at a women’s rights convention and won a lot of applause with her speech that urged men to grant women their rights

A

sojourner truth

46
Q

undertook a national survey for women’s health

A

catharine beecher

47
Q

publisher f a temperance newspaper who rebelled and wore bloomers

A

amelia bloomer

48
Q

an organized effort to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages

A

temperance movement

49
Q

a women’s rights convention held in seneca falls, new york, in 1848

A

seneca falls convention

50
Q

a work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands

A

strike

us history (6 decks)

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