ch 7 and 8

Question 1

a skilled artisan, usually one owning a business and employing others

Answer 1

master

Question 2

a worker learning a trade or craft under master

Answer 2

apprentice

Question 3

a skilled worker employed by a master

Answer 3

journeyman

Question 4

a system of production in which manufacturers provide the materials for goods to be produced in the home

Answer 4

cottage industry

Question 5

young women who worked in the mills under poor conditions

Answer 5

lowell mill workers

Question 6

the first national association of trade unions, formed in 1834

Answer 6

national trades union

Question 7

first court case to defend the rights of workers by legalizing strikes

Answer 7

commonwealth v. hunt

Question 8

came during the potato famine and accepted poor paying jobs

Answer 8

irish immigrants 70s/80s

Question 9

the political party formed in 1834 to ppose the policies of Andrew jackson

Answer 9

whigs

Question 10

john c calhoun’s name for an 1828 tariff increase that seemed to southerners to be enriching the north at their expense

Answer 10

tariff of abominations

Question 11

jackson’s second vice president, engineered jackson’s 1828 campaign, president after jackson

Answer 11

martin van buren

Question 12

calhoun’s theory that if a federal law went against states’ rights, they could nullify it

Answer 12

nullification theory

Question 13

senator from massachusetts who debated that states didn’t have the right to nullify

Answer 13

daniel webster

Question 14

jackon issued this to allow the federal government to use force against south carolina if they refused to pay the tariff

Answer 14

force bill

Question 15

harrison’s vice president and successor, newer supposed to have politial sway because he opposed whig policies, only on the ballot for southern vote

Answer 15

john tyler

Question 16

big fighter for states’ rights

Answer 16

john c calhoun

Question 17

“tippecanoe and tyler too”, died of pneumonia shortly after inauguration, successor of martin van buren

Answer 17

william henry harrison

Question 18

19th century religious movement on which individual responsibility for seeking salvation was emphasized, along with need for personal and social improvement

Answer 18

second great awakening

Question 19

a religious gathering designed to reawaken faith through impassioned preachings

Answer 19

revivals

Question 20

philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s that emphasized having a simple life founded in Natwe and in personal emotion and imagination

Answer 20

transcendentalism

Question 21

leader in transcendentalism who lived in solitude on walden pond

Answer 21

henry david thoreau

Question 22

states started education taxes to support public schools, first one in massachusetts

Answer 22

taxes

Question 23

worked for reform in asylums and better conditions for mentally ill

Answer 23

Dorothea dix

Question 24

an experimental community designed to be a perfect society in which it’s members live together in harmony

Answer 24

utopian community

Question 25

the change in social and economic organization that resulted from the replacement of hand tools with machines and from the development of large-scale industrial production

Answer 25

industrial revolution

Question 26

invented the cotton gin in 1793-made it possible for southerners to grow cotton for a profit

Answer 26

eli whitney

Question 27

a house speaker that promoted the american system - believed the america system would unite the nation's economic interests:north-produce manufactured goods, south and west would buy; south and west produce most of the grain, meat, and cotton needed in the north - a nationally accepted currency and improved transportation network would facilitate the exchange of goods

Answer 27

henry clay

Question 28

a protective tariff designed to aid american industries

Answer 28

tariff of 1816

Question 29

a 363 mile long artificial waterway connecting the hudson river with lake erie, built between 1817 and 1825

Answer 29

erie canal

Question 30

an 1819 case in which the supreme court ruled that maryland had no right to tax the bank of the u.s., thereby strengthening the power of the federal government's control over the economy

Answer 30

mcculloch v. maryland

Question 31

secretary of state that established a foreign policy guided by nationalism

Answer 31

john quincy adams

Question 32

a policy of u.s. opposition to any european interference in the affairs of the western hemisphere, announced by president monroe in 1823

Answer 32

monroe doctrine

Question 33

a devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation

Answer 33

nationalism

Question 34

a series of agreements passed by congress in 1820-1821 to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states

Answer 34

missouri compromise

Question 35

a rule limiting or preventing debate on an issue

Answer 35

gag rule

Question 36

born into slavery in 1800 in southampton county, virginia - took a group and killed 60 whites, but was captured, tried, and hanged - this rebellion strengthened the resolve of southern whites to defend slavery and to control their slaves

Answer 36

nat turner

Question 37

belonging to the period before the civil war

Answer 37

antebellum

Question 38

the freeing of slaves

Answer 38

emancipation

Question 39

a free black who advised blacks to fight for freedom rather than to wait for slave owners to end slavery (written in his appeal to the colored citizens of the world, published in 1829)

Answer 39

david walker

Question 40

born into slavery in 1817, taught to read by his owner's wife (realize knowledge could mean the pathway to freedom); escaped his slaveowner and became a free man; supporter of the liberator and started his own newspaper called the north star

Answer 40

frederick douglass

Question 41

the most radical white abolitionist, started a newspaper called the liberator in 1831 to deliver an uncompromising message: immediate emancipation -also founded the new england anti-slavery society in 1832, followed by the american anti-slavery society founded a year later

Answer 41

william lloyd garrison

Question 42

worked with lucretia mott to hold a women's rights conventions that would later become known as the seneca falls convention

Answer 42

elizabeth cady stanton

Question 43

worked with elizabeth cady stanton to hold a women's rights convention that would later become known as the seneca falls convention

Answer 43

lucretia mott

Question 44

daughters of a fouth carolina slaveholder who spoke eloquently for abolition - 1836, angelina published an appeal to christian women of the south in which she asked for women to work together to overthrow slavery - criticized by massachusetts clergy

Answer 44

sarah and angelina grimke

Question 45

Isabella baumfree, a slave for the first 30 years of her life who decided to travel and preach -1815-spoke at a women's rights convention and won a lot of applause with her speech that urged men to grant women their rights

Answer 45

sojourner truth

Question 46

undertook a national survey for women's health

Answer 46

catharine beecher

Question 47

publisher f a temperance newspaper who rebelled and wore bloomers

Answer 47

amelia bloomer

Question 48

an organized effort to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages

Answer 48

temperance movement

Question 49

a women's rights convention held in seneca falls, new york, in 1848

Answer 49

seneca falls convention

Question 50

a work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands

Answer 50

strike