semester 2 final Flashcards
renaissance is a French word meaning what?
rebirth
the renaissance’s focus on man’s worth and capacities has been called what?
- humanism
* focus was on the individual as opposed to the group
what did renaissance humanists stimulate a rebirth of interest in?
literature, art, philosophy of the classical age.
although many Renaissance humanists were primarily interested in classical learning, did they believe in God?
yes, church members.
why did Italy lead the Renaissance?
- the Italians thought of themselves as Romans and as linked to the ancient Roman Empire.
- the Italian cities used their wealth to commission artists.
- the Italian cities controlled the Mediterranean trade routes.
the most famous Renaissance patrons were members of which family?
medici
where was the birthplace of the Renaissance?
Florence
in the 14th century, florentine writers’ study of the classics stirred a rebirth of what?
learning in Europe
who was known as the father of Humanism?
Petrarch
who wrote the book of manners called The Courtier?
casteglione
which humanist wrote that a successful ruler uses force when necessary, for “it is much safer to be feared than loved”?
Machiavelli
what essay did Machiavelli write that promotes the concept of an expedient ruler free from moral restraints?
prince
what was Erasmus’ In Praise of Folly about?
the evils and the follies of Renaissance society
who was the advisor to Henry VIII that described an ideal state?
More
what did Erasmus publish in 1516?
Greek New Testament
who wrote a satire on chivalry?
arvantes
who developed moveable-type printing in Europe?
Gutenberg
the country in which the reformation began was
Germany
which early reformer has been called the Morning Star of the Reformation?
John Wycliffe
what were the lay preachers called that Wycliffe sent out to preach the Gospel?
lollard
which reformer was condemned and burned at Constance?
John Huss
while a priest, what did Luther discover through studying Scripture?
no amount of good works could justify a sinner before God
who was pope at the beginning of the reformation?
Leo X
what name was given to certificates that supposedly granted pardon from the punishment of sins?
indulgences
