Chapter 4

Question 1

Early Inhabitants: Latins

Answer 1

came from across the Alps

Question 2

Early Inhabitants: Phoenicians

Answer 2

sea trade, colonization

Question 3

Early Inhabitants: Greeks

Answer 3

sea trade, colonization

Question 4

Early Inhabitants: Estruscans

Answer 4

800 BC, possibly from Asia Minor

Question 5

founding of Rome

Answer 5

Tiber River
Palatine Hill
“League of the Seven Hills” settled by other Latins
ROMULUS AND REMUS

Question 6

family

Answer 6

basic unit
small, self sufficient
father: sole authority

Question 7

clan

Answer 7

families of the same ancestor

Question 8

Tribe

Answer 8

clans united by common beliefs

Question 9

2 social classes

Answer 9

patricians: aristocracy
plebeians: common people

Question 10

monarchy

Answer 10

King: chief commander

imperium: kings authority
fasces: symbol of kings authority
senate: leaders of clans who became advisors

Question 11

republic established

Answer 11

509 BC

Question 12

consuls

Answer 12

2 heads of senate

Question 13

senate

Answer 13

most powerful, served for life

Question 14

assembly of centuries

Answer 14

senate had veto power

Question 15

concessions gained

Answer 15

plebiscites

Question 16

geographic features

Answer 16

Italian peninsula:farming
Apennine Mountains
Made Nostrum:”our sea”
Roman Roads: most famous Appian way

Question 17

Tribune

Answer 17

10 man chosen to protect the rights of plebeians

Question 18

Veto

Answer 18

I forbid

Question 19

laws

Answer 19

tablets hung in Roman forum

Question 20

law of 12 tables

Answer 20

first Roman law that was written down

Question 21

tribal assembly

Answer 21

plebeians

Question 22

New class distinction

Answer 22

rich versus poor: eventually formed an alliance

Question 23

Pyrrhus

Answer 23

using elephants he defeated the Romans twice but at such a loss he lost the war

Question 24

Rome

Answer 24

defeated the Latin cities, controlled all of Italian peninsula 265 BC

Question 25

three wars

Answer 25

between 264 and 146 BC, territory, trade, Punic wars

Question 26

The first Punic war

Answer 26

Island of Sicily, Roman navy, Rome won

Question 27

Second Punic war

Answer 27

Hannibal Carthage leader, Battle of cannae, romans nearly wiped out which took a generation to recover. Hannibal was never able to conquer Rome because of romes generous treatment of its people. battle of zama, Rome defeated Carthage.

Question 28

Hannibal

Answer 28

Carthage a leader who was very successful in Italy

Question 29

scipio

Answer 29

Roman commander who strategies were the turning point of one war

Question 30

third Punic war

Answer 30

three-year seige , destruction of Carthage: The surviving inhabitants were forced into slavery and land was made into Africa

Question 31

Cato

Answer 31

Roman senator who urged the Romans to destroy Carthage

Question 32

after the war

Answer 32

Rome defeated Macedonia and Syria, alliance with Egypt.

Question 33

problems after the war

Answer 33

small farmers: three expansion they lost their farms and could not compete with large farms.
senate increased power and conquest.
corruption: tax collectors/publicans.

Question 34

failure of reform

Answer 34

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus:

Strove for reforms, wanted to divide public lands among the poor

Question 35

Tiberius death

Answer 35

sought reelection as Tribune, he and 300 of his followers were killed by senators

Question 36

Gaius death

Answer 36

Lost his life during a riot that was carefully planned by enemies