Semester 1 exam revision Flashcards
what are hazards
hazards are a danger or risk that potential to cause serious physical psychological and emotion trauma in terms of human injury and health. It can be identified by a incident hazard report form.
What is ppe
PPE is personal protective equipment it can include; glasses, googles, gloves
what are workplace health and safety procedures and expectations
workplace health and safety procedures and expectations are
Completing required documentation
Following WHS guidelines (laws that organisations need to follow to make sure safety standards are being
met in the workplace eg. food handling)
Handling, using and storing toxic and hazardous chemicals according to workplace
procedures eg chlorine and ppe
Following procedures for work area housekeeping (hygiene) cleaning equipment
whats included on an injury report form
on a injury report form you should include; time and date location description of injury vital signs first aid management fluid intake/outtake drugs adiminstrated
How should you report safety issues in the workplace
You should fill out an incident report form and notify the OHS representative or supervisor/mamager
how do you dispose of sharps
to dispose of sharps you can use a biocan if a biotin is unavailable you can use a hard tupperwear container with a lid
what is the hierarchy of controls
the hierarchy of controls provides a number of options for working and minimising the hazards and risks. the options are ranked to most effective (protective) to least effective.
What are level one controls
level one controls are elimination. Elimination is the most effective as you completely remove the hazard completely.
level two controls
level two controls are substitution- replacement of the item/object wiht something that has the same function but reduces the level of harm. Isolation- create a barrier between the harm and employees or others in the workplace. Engineering controls- changes to equipment, materials or resources to reduce the harm
level 3 controls
administrative controls - implementation of training, changes to rosters, timing policies or procedures
ppe- personal personal equipment
What is environmental protection?
When following WHS procedures you to consider the environment. For example when dealing with waste disposal you want to make sure the way you do it won’t hurt the environment.
what is debriefing ?
it is important to debrief so everyone is on the same page. it can be used to make improvements on to policies and procedures within an organisation. normally conducted by a 3rd party as the employees may not be comfortable talking to some one they see every day.
what are the signs and symptoms of fatigue
fatigue is when a person feels tied. The signs and symptoms are
- excessively yawning
- falling asleep at work
- short term memory issues
- an ability to concentrate
- poor desion making
- poor judgment
- slow reflexes and coordination
- more teary and upset then usual
- cold symptoms
- short tempered
what is included on an emergency procedure
an emergency procedure should included exit and assembly points, how and when to evacuate. eg. incase of fire
what is emergency equipment
emergency equipment is equipment you use in an emergency eg. fire extinguisher. The equipment will vary depending on what type of emergency.
- fire extinguishers
- fire blankets
- first aid kit
- emergency signalling devices
- portable emergency shelter
- thermal blankets and sheets
- emergency lighting
- dehydration kit
what is D.R.S.A.B.C.D stand for
D- danger, it’s it safe to assist the person with out putting yourself in danger
R- response, check for response to see if the causality is unconscious or conscious use C.O.W.S
S- send for help, if the casualty needs medical assistance get a bystander to call for emergency services.
A- airways- roll into recovery position, and check the airways to see if they are ‘
B- breathing, you should look, listen and feel for breathing
C- CPR, While checking for breathing, if a casualty does not breathe a minimum of two times in ten seconds you must begin CPR.
D- Defibrillation, a defibrillator should be used in conjunction with CPR If you do not have this equipment continue CPR until help arrives. Defibrillation is the process of using an AED to shock persons heart into normal rythms
how should you control a group in an emergency
in an emergency you must ensure the safety of every participant. you will need to implement appropriate strategies for group control some examples are :
- identify the emergency and make the group aware eg. evacuation
- ensure you have full attention and everyone is listening to you
- provide loud, clear and precise instructions.
- stay together and look out for each other
- stay calm (remove from danger)
What are the types of emergency situations
the types of emergency situations are:
- fire
- hazardous releases eg. chemical spills
- bomb threats
- injuries
- accidents
- medical
- panic and other emotional responses
- equipment failure
- lost party or party member
- changing environmental conditions
- activity specific
What are the key details of CPR
- Draw an imaginary line between the armpits. Place your hand at the mid point of this line in the centre of the chest.
- Place your other hand over the top, either interlock your fingers or grasp the top of your other wrist (either technique will be effective; use whichever is more comfortable).
- Your arms should be straight as you apply compressions with the heel of your palm and your shoulders should be positioned over the casualty’s sternum. This technique will ensure that you are able to perform compressions for a longer period of time without tiring.
- Use the heel of your hand to push down to 1/3 of the depth of the chest cavity for it to be an effective compression.
- 30 compressions should be followed by two breaths (five cycles every two minutes, roughly 100 compressions per minute).If two people are available to perform CPR one person should complete 5 cycles of CPR (compressions and breaths) and then alternate with the second person who will also then complete 5 cycles of CPR (compressions and breaths) allowing the first responder to have a two minute break between cycles. 6.If casualty is breathing, roll them into the recovery position. Observe them and check their vital signs regularly.
- If casualty is not breathing continue completing two breaths and 30 compressions until help arrives.STEP 6–CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
when should you stop CPR
you should stop CPR when he casualty is responding and breathing on their own
.•The situation becomes unsafe –danger, hazard, risks etc.
•Another person arrives on the scene and takes over.•The ambulance arrives and paramedics instruct you to stop.
•You become physically exhausted and incapable of continuing to perform CPR; if possible another person should be found to take over.
what are soft tissues injuries
sprains, strains and dislocations. They are injuries that affect the joints and skeletal muscles, including ligaments (connect bone to bone) and tendons (connect muscle to bone).
how do you treat soft tissue injuries
you treat soft tissue injuries by ricer
what does R.I.C.E.R stand for
Rest –stop doing activity to prevent further injury. Avoid movement and don’t put any weight on the injured limb/area.
Ice –Place an ice pack on the injured area. Ice should be placed on the area for a maximum of 15 minutes every two hours. You can continue this treatment for the first 48–72 hours to control swelling. Be careful to create a thin barrier (eg tea towel) between the patient andthe ice pack to protect tissue. Never apply ice directly to a person’s skin.
Compression –compress the injury site for support by usinga compression bandage. This will control bleeding and swelling. Be sure to check the individual’s circulation once the compression bandage has been applied to make sure that it is not too tight. You can do this by pressing onthe patient’s skin below the injured area to check for blood flow.
Elevation –elevate the injured area if possible to reduce bleeding and swelling. If possible, elevate it above heart level. Ensure that the patient is comfortable using a pillow, blanket or jumper etc.
Referral –refer the patient to a health professional for further treatment, diagnosis and rehabilitation. Sprains and strains should be referred to a local doctor and for dislocations a patient should be taken directly to hospital or an ambulance should be called. It is important that a medical professional (doctor) assesses the joint as soon as possible, to prevent permanent damage
What is no harm
NO HARM stands for NO;
Heat –no heat of any kind (heat packs, hot water bottles, hot showers/baths etc) should be applied to the injured area. Heatincreasesbleeding and swelling at the injury site.
Alcohol –an injured person should not consume any alcohol as it can increase bleeding and swelling to the injured area. It can also cause an anaesthetic affect, which may cause a person to attempt to use their injured limbresulting in further injury.
Running –continuing to play or exercising can further injure the area and cause increased swelling.
Massage –should be avoided. Massaging the injured area can stimulate blood flow to the area which can increase pain, bleeding and swelling
What are hard tissue injuries ?
Hard tissue injury is bone damage eg. fracture. they can be direct impact(fall or hit) or an indirect impact(for example, falling and putting your arm out to break your fall and fracturing or breaking your collarbone
how do you classify hard tissue injuries
Fractures can be classified as
Open–where there is a bone protruding from a wound.
Closed–where there is no external evidence.
Complicated –where the fracture has caused other injuries (i.e. damaged organs and major blood vessels)
What are the signs and symptoms of shock
shock is when inadequate blood flow reaches the body tissues, therefore the organs are unable to receive enough oxygen, which results in decreased functioning signs of shock include •weakness •vomiting •pale, cold and clammy skin •anxiety and disorientation •thirst and nausea
how do you treat shock
treatment for shock if the casualty is unconscious:
•DRSABCD
Treatment for shock if the casualty is conscious:
•Control any bleeding
•Keep warm
•Lie casualty in a comfortable position and raise legs –“If the face is pale, raise your tail”.
•Call an ambulance for assistance
what are burns
There are two main types of burns, superficialand deep. Either of these can be caused by thermal, chemical, friction or electrical burns
.•Chemicalburns result from exposure to abrasive chemicals includingindustrial chemicals and some strong household cleaning products. •Thermalburns are caused by exposure to extremely high temperatures including flames and hot liquids.•Frictionburns are caused when a person’s skin scrapes along an abrasive surface. •Electrical burns can be caused by an electric shock or an electrical current passing through an individual’s body. With this type of burn there is not always a superficial trauma injury, but electrical burns can cause serious deep tissue trauma. Burns are classified as either superficial or deep based on theirsize and depth. Superficial burns only affect the surface of the skin (epidermis). The area burned may become red, swollen and may blister. These types of burns are often the most painful asthe nerve endings are stimulated. If managed appropriately superficial burns should heal within ten days.
what are the benefits of stress management
benefits of stress management are that employees will be more productive, take fewer days off. you can manage stress by limiting alcohol intake, exercising and eating healthy
how would you minimise a risk
to minimise a risk you would identify the risk, then report the risk and use one the control statergys to minimise the risk.
Asthma signs and symptoms
Asthma Signs and symptoms that a person may be having an asthma attack:
•pale skin or cyanosis
•coughing, especially at night, shortness of breath and/or wheezing
•exhaustion, rapid, weak pulse
•little or no improvement from reliever medication
•collapse
What is the treatment for an asthma attack
Sit the person upright
If a spacer is availabledeliver four puffs of the reliever medication one puff at a time. After each puff get the casualty to breathe in four times-Wait 4 minutes, if no improvement repeat-After afurther four minutes if there is no improvement call 000
the casualty is in RESPIRATORY -DISTRESS and requires medical assistance
Continue with the 4 X 4 X 4 management plan until help arrives
•If a spacer is NOT available:-place the casualty’s mouth over the reliever mouthpiece-fire one puff and instruct the casualty to breathe it in slowly and steadily-get the casualty to hold their breath for four seconds and then take four normal breaths.-Repeat until four puffs of the reliever medication have been given
•If the casualty is unconscious –CPR may be required.
Hypothermia signs and symptoms
Symptoms of hypothermia include: •Cold skin •Shivering (shivering stops when body temperature drops below 32 degrees Celsius) •Impaired coordination •Slurred speech •Drowsiness •Slow and shallow respirations •Unconsciousness
Sings and symptoms of a fracture
Signs that a casualty may have a fracture include:
•you can see a bone protruding from a wound
•pain and tenderness at the site of injury
•movement of the limb is severely reduced
•an obvious deformity
•pale and clammy skin.
How do you treat an Snake / insect bite
rompt first aid can prevent the venom spreading into the body and affecting vital organs.
•Apply a bandage from the extremities (fingers or toes) upwards –cover as much of the limb as possible.
•Bandage should be firm, but not too tight.
•Splint the limb to restrict movement.
•Get the casualty to remain as still as possible.
•Seek medical treatment; preferably an ambulance should be called.
How do you treat a fracture
initial immobilisation is required for the limb with the suspected fracture and then medical attention should be provided.
For a closed fracture a person may be transported by car to the hospital for treatment. For an open or complicated fracture an ambulance should be called
how do you treat a blood nose
Get the casualty to pinch the fleshy part of their nose (10 minutes or longer if still bleeding).
•Lean slightly forward.
•Apply ice or a cool washcloth to the casualty’s neck.
Burn treatment
treatment of all burns includes:
•DRSABCD
•Cool the burnt area with flowing water (up to 20 mins)•Remove any jewellery or clothing (if possible and will not cause pain)
•Cover the burn area with a non-stick dressing;make sure that it is light and loose
•Seek medical assistance if the burn is deep or bigger than the size of a hand
•If possible elevate the burnt area to reduce swelling and pain
•Offer water to drink
how do you treat burns
treatment of all burns includes:
•DRSABCD
•Cool the burnt area with flowing water (up to 20 mins)
•Remove any jewellery or clothing (if possible and will not cause pain)
•Cover the burn area with a non-stick dressing;make sure that it is light and loose
•Seek medical assistance if the burn is deep or bigger than the size of a hand
•If possible elevate the burnt area to reduce swelling and pain
•Offer water to drink
what are the triggers for Asthma
Possible triggers for asthma:
•respiratory infection
•exposure to an allergen (eg dust mite, animal hair, mould)
•exposure to irritants(eg tobacco smoke, perfume)
•foods (eg nuts, seafood)
•excessive exercise•changes in weather•emotions and stress
anxiety.
treatment for hypothermia
Treatment:
•DRSABCD
•Dry casualty if wet, remove wet clothing
•Gradually warm casualty with blankets, sleeping bags etc. DON’T place the casualty in a warm bath
•Give casualty a warm drink (if conscious)
What is asthma
Asthma is a condition that causes sufferers’ airways (bronicholiles) to narrow when exposed to certain ‘triggers’. This can lead to difficulty breathing and a possible loss of consciousness, which can lead to death if not appropriately managed.
what happens if you don’t fill out an incident/injury report form
if you don’t fill out a form correctly you could face a hefty fine
what is duty of care
duty of car is taking responsibility to foresee any possible dangers that may harm or injure a person in your care
what are communication systems
communication systems are flaws, hand signals, telephone and radio communication, whistles emergency warning systems
