SEMENALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

Abstinence of ___________________ in specimen collection for semen

A

2-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Collect the ______________ ejaculate (if may kulang =____________________)

A

entire
Not accurate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the methods of collection for semen?

A

Masturbation
Coitus interruptus
Condom method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is the best way for the collection of semen

A

masturbation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This method of collection is not reliable, it is also known as a withdrawal method where pre-cum may not be included.

A

Coitus interruptus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This method uses a non-lubricant containing rubber (polyurethane condom)

A

Condom method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The semen specimen should be delivered to the lab within ___________ at ________________

A

1hr
22-25 °C (room temp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Once the specimen arrived, take note of the?

A

Time of collection
Time received
Liquefaction time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The semen analysis should be done after __________ (usually _________)

A

Liquefaction
10-30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Specimen waiting semen analysis should be kept at _______

A

37°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the reasons for semen analysis?

A

Fertility testing
Postvasectomy semen analysis
Forensic analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

It is the most common reason for semen analysis

A

Fertility testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This test is conducted 2 months after surgery, to check if there is recanalization

A

Postvasectomy semen analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This test is conducted to those allegedly raped cases

A

Forensic analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Composition of the semen:

A

_______ spermatozoa (_________)
________ seminal fluid (_________)
__________ prostate fluid (_______)
__________ bulbourethral gland (___________)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

It is the site of spermatogenesis

A

Seminiferous tubules (testes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

These are the nurse cells in the seminiferous tubules

A

sertoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This is the site of sperm maturation

A

epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This propels sperm to the ejaculatory ducts

A

Vas deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Spermatogenesis and sperm maturation takes ______

A

90 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This provides nutrients for sperm and fluid

A

Seminal vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The secretion is rich in ____________ which helps in sperm motility

A

fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What produces acidic fluid that contains acid phosphatase, zinc, citric acid, and other enzymes?

A

Prostate gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This is for coagulation and liquefaction

A

Prostate liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

It secretes thick alkaline mucus which neutralizes acidity from the prostatic secretions and vagina

A

Bulbourethral gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Makikita sa seminal fluid, and in an alleged rape victim

A

Acid phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Stages of sperm maturation:

A
  1. Spermatogium
  2. 1° spermatocyte
  3. 2° spermatocyte
  4. Spermatid
  5. Spermatozoon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Gray-white, translucent w/ musty bleach odor semen =

A

normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Increased white turbidity in semen =

A

infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Red/brown coloration in semen =

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Yellow coloration in semen =

A

Medication, increased abstinence, urine contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the normal volume of semen specimen?

A

2-5 mL

33
Q

Increased in volume indicates?

A

Hyperspermia (increase in abstinence)

34
Q

Decreased in semen volume indicates?

A

Hypospermia (incomplete collection, infertility)

35
Q

What is the normal result for semen viscosity?

A

Pour in droplets

36
Q

Abnormal result in semen viscosity?

A

> 2 cm long threads

37
Q

Manner of reporting for semen viscosity:

0 =
4 =
May also be reported as ___________

A

Watery
Gel-like (complication, infertility)
Slow, normal, high

38
Q

What is the normal pH for semen?

A

7.2-8.0 pH

39
Q

Increased pH of the semen indicates

A

infection

40
Q

Decreased pH in the semen indicates

A

Increase prostate fluid

41
Q

The pH of the semen should be measured within _____ of ejaculation

A

1 hr

42
Q

What is the sperm concentration normal value?

A

> 20 million sperms/mL

43
Q

What are the methods in sperm concentration test?

A

Improved Neubauer Counting chamber
Markler Counting chamber

44
Q

This method of sperm concentration test needs:
Dilution = 1:20
Diluents = immobilize the sperm

A

Improved Neubauer Counting chamber

45
Q

Diluents used for improved Neubauer Counting chamber?

A

Formalin
Sodium bicarbonate
Saline
Distilled water
Cold tap water

46
Q

This method for sperm concentration is not commonly used, it is for undiluted specimens which use heat to immobilize the sperm

A

Markler Counting chamber

47
Q

Sperm concentration computation:
Depth =
Dilution =
Area of 1 WBC square =
Area of 1 RBC square =

A

0.1 mm
20
1 mm
0.04 mm

48
Q

Sperm concentration unit?

A

mL

49
Q

Normal value of the sperm count?

A

> 40 million sperms/ejaculate

50
Q

Formula for the sperm count

A

Sperm concentration + specimen volume

51
Q

Sperm count unit?

A

Sperms/ejaculate

52
Q

Normal value for sperm motility

A

> 50% motile (within 1 hr)

53
Q

How to check for sperm motility?

A

Place a drop of semen in the slide and add a coverslip, allowing it to settle for 1 min. Observe in 20 HPF

54
Q

Grading/WHO criteria for sperm motility action:

4.0 =
3.0 =
2.0 =
1.0 =
0 =

A

A (rapid, straightline motility)
B (slower speed, some lateral movement)
C (slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement)
D (no forward progression)
E (no movement)

55
Q

Alternative sperm motility grading:

  1. ______________ = sperm moving linearly or in a large circle
  2. _________________ = sperm moving w/ absence in progression
  3. _____________ = mo movement
A

Progressive motility (PM)
No progressive motility (NP)
Immotility

56
Q

It determines sperm concentration, morphology, velocity, and trajectory

A

Computer-Assisted Semen analysis

57
Q

Semen morphology normal value?

A

> 30% normal forms

58
Q

Sperm morphology measure the head, neck, and tail using a ____________

A

Micrometer or morphometry

59
Q

Sperm morphology:

Width =
Head =
Neck =
Length (tail + neck) =

A

3 um
5 um
7 um
45 um

60
Q

The acrosomal cap is _____ of the head and ___ of the nucleus

A

1/2
2/3

61
Q

It is the thickest part of the tail

A

neck

62
Q

When preparing smears for sperm morphology, use _______

A

45° angle

63
Q

Stains used for sperm morphology:

A

Papanicolaou’s stain
Wright’s stain
Giemsa stain
Shorr stain

64
Q

Normal sperm head =
Abnormal =

A

Oval head
Poor ovum penetration

65
Q

It contains the mitochondria

A

midpiece

66
Q

Abnormal sperm tail =

A

Poor motility

67
Q

Hardening of the veins that drains the testes. The most common cause of infertility, where the sperm head is tapered.

A

Varicocele

68
Q

Sperm head morphology:

A
  1. Normal
  2. Double head
  3. Giant head
  4. Amorphous head
  5. Pin head
  6. Tapered head
  7. Constricted head
  8. Double tail
  9. Coiled tail
  10. spermatid
69
Q

Method for sperm viability

A

Modified Blom’s test

70
Q

Modified Blom’s test:

Reagents =
Living sperms =
Dead sperms =
Normal value =

A

Eosin and Nigrosin
Unstained
Red
> Or = 50% living sperms

71
Q

______________ low concentration may be caused by lack of support medium produced in the seminal vesicles which can be indicated by fructose level that is low to absent in the semen

A

Sperm fluid fructose

72
Q

Sperm fluid fructose is tested within _____________ or __________ to prevent fructolysis

A

2 hrs
frozen

73
Q

Screening test for sperm fluid fructose

A

Resorcinol “Seliwanoff’s test”

74
Q

Resorcinol “Seliwanoff’s test”

Positive reaction =
Dilution =

A

Orange-red color
1:1

75
Q

Shortly after ejaculation, semen ___________ due to the action of clotting enzyme, formed in prostate, on a fibrinogen like precursor substance that is produced by the seminal vesicles

A

coagulates

76
Q

When performing fertility tests, WHO recommended that _____ samples be collected not ____________ or ____________ apart, with ____________ considered significant

A

2 or 3 samples
<7 days
> 3 weeks
2 abnormal samples

77
Q

Motile sperm can be detected for up to _______ after intercourse, whereas non-motile sperm can persist for _______

A

24 hrs
3 days

78
Q

As the sperm die off, only the ________ remains and may be present for ________ after intercourse

A

Heads
7 days

79
Q

10-15 WBC in sperm =
Bacteria ( cocci in chains) =
Calcium oxalate =

A

Normal
Anal sex
Contaminated w/ urine