Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AUBF > AMNIOTIC FLUID & HCG > Flashcards

AMNIOTIC FLUID & HCG Flashcards

1
Q

hCG is produced by __________________ of the placenta

A

syncytiotrophoblast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

it peaks during the 1st trimester in pregnancy

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 subunits of pregnancy test

A

alpha
beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

it confers specificity for hCG in pregnancy test

A

beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hCG, LH, FSH, TSH in pregnancy test

A

alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

home-based hCG pregnancy test kit:

principle

A

enzyme immunoassay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

home-based hCG pregnancy test kit:

principle

A

enzyme immunoassay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

home-based hCG pregnancy test kit:

specimen

A

1st morning urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

home-based hCG pregnancy test kit:

anti-hCG source

A

rabbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes of errors in pregnancy test:

hematuria or proteinuria
malignancies
postpartum and postabortion
premature ovarian failure
chinese herbal medications

A

false positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of errors in pregnancy test:

dilute urine (low S. G.)
adultered specimen
ectopic pregnancy
too early or too late testing
impending or missed abortion

A

false negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hCG bioassays:

female frog

A

hogben

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hCG bioassays:

male frog

A

Galli-Mainini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hCG bioassays:

virgin female rat

A

Friedmann/Hoffmann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hCG bioassays:

immature female mice

A

Ascheim-Zondek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hCG bioassays:

immature female rats

A

Frank-Berman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hCG bioassays:

female virgin rat

A

Kupperman
Kelso

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

main source of nutrients and fluid of the fetus

A

placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

specific gravity of urine specimen for pregnancy testing

A

atleast 1.015

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

this test is very sensitive, giving positive reactions as early as 10 days after conception

A

ELISA test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

it is present in amnion and provides a protective cushion for the fetus, allows fetal movement, stabilizes the temperature to protect the fetus, and permit lung maturation

A

amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

amniotic fluid volume is regulated by balance between the ___________________ and the _____________

A

production of fetal urine and lung fluid
absorption from fetal swallowing and intramembranous flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

normal amniotic fluid volume during 3rd trimester

A

800-1,200 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

during 1st trimester, ________ of amniotic fluid is from the maternal circulation

A

35 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

it is the major contributor to the amniotic fluid volume after the 1st trimester of pregnancy

A

fetal urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

increased amniotic fluid volume caused by decreased fetal swallowing of urine, fetal structural anomalies, cardiac arrhythmia, congenital infections, chromosomal abnormalities, and neural tube defects

A

polyhydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

decreased amniotic fluid caused by increased fetal swallowing of urine, membrane leakage, urinary tract deformities, congenital malformations, premature amniotic membrane rupture, umbilical cord comopression

A

oligohydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

it is the method of collection for amniotic fluid. Up to 30 mL collected in sterile syringe

A

amniocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

2nd trimester amniocentesis =

A

assessing genetic defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

3rd trimester amniocentesis =

A

fetal lung maturity, HDFN

31
Q

quadruple screening test prior to performing amniocentesis

A
  1. alpha-fetoprotein
  2. human chorionic gonadotropin
  3. unconjugated estriol (UE3)
  4. Inhibin A
32
Q

specimen is placed on ice delivery, kept refrigerated or frozen.
filtration prevents loss of phospholipids

A

test for fetal lung maturity

33
Q

specimen is kept at room temperature or 37°C

A

test for cytogenic studies

34
Q

specimen is protected from light

A

test for HDFN

35
Q

less reliable for amniotic fluid

protein:
glucose:

A

+
+

36
Q

less reliable for maternal urine:

protein:
glucose:

A
37
Q

more reliable for amniotic fluid

Urea:
Creatinine:

A

U= <30 mg/dL
C= >3.5 mg/dL

38
Q

more reliable for maternal urine

Urea:
creatinine:

A

U= >300 mg/dL
C= >10 mg/dL

39
Q

differentiation between amniotic fluid and maternal urine is important because _________________

A

it determines possible premature membrane rupture or accidental rupture of maternal bladder during specimen collection

40
Q

this test detects premature rupture of membranes (PROM), also used to diagnose early pregnancy (increased estrogen)

A

fern test

41
Q

+ fern like crystals in amniotic fluid =

A

+ protein
+ NaCl

42
Q

normal color of amniotic fluid

A

colorless or pale yellow

43
Q

indicates traumatic tap, trauma, intra-amniotic haemorrhage in amniotic fluid

A

blood-streaked

44
Q

indicates HDFN (bilirubin) in amniotic fluid

A

yellow

45
Q

suggests presencec of meconium in amniotic fluid

A

dark green

46
Q

suggests fetal death in amniotic fluid

A

dark red-brown

47
Q

test used for respiratory distress syndrome

A

fetal lung maturity test

48
Q

most frequent complication of early delivery and the 7th most common cause of morbidity and mortality

A

respiratory distress syndrome

49
Q

____________ normally appears in mature lungs and allows the alveoli to remain open throughout the cycle of inhalation and exhalation

A

surfactant

50
Q

it is a reference method and cannot be performed in the presence of blood or meconium

A

lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio (2:1)

51
Q

L/S ratio for alveolar stability

A

lecithin

52
Q

L/S ratio for alveolar stability

A

lecithin

53
Q

L/S ratio that serve as control due to constant production

A

sphingomyelin

54
Q

ratio of ____ = mature fetal lungs

A

> 2.0

55
Q

amniostat-FLM immunologic test for

A

phosphatidylglycerol (PG)

56
Q

not affected by blood or meconium
production og PG is delayed for diabetic mothers

A

amniostat-FLM

57
Q

+ bubbles/foam = mature fetal lungs

A

foam stability (foam/shake test)

58
Q

measured by fluorescence polarization microscope, phospholipids decrease microviscosity (friction of particle undergoing diffusion)

A

microviscosity (obsolete test)

59
Q

adequate FLM in lamenar body count =

A

> 32,000/uL

60
Q

type II pneumocytes produce surfactants stored in the form of lamellar bodies

A

lamellar body count (LBC)

61
Q

OD 650 nm:

Increase lamellar bodies =

A

increase OD absorbance

62
Q

OD of _____________ is equivalent to L/S ratio of > or = 2.0 and the presence of PG

A

> 0.150

63
Q

test for fetal age ___________________ = prior to 36 weeks gestation

A

1.5 to 2.0 mg/dL amniotic fluid creatinine

64
Q

test for fetal age:

36 weeks (9 months)

A

> 2.0 mg/dL amniotic fluid creatinine

65
Q

test for HDFN a. k. a

A

O. D 450

66
Q

the oldest routine lab test on amniotic fluid

A

test for HDFN (O. D 450)

67
Q

test for HDFN:

normal:
HDFN:

A

N: increased at 365 nm, decrease at 55o nm
H: increase at 450 nm

68
Q

HDFN report are plotted on Liley graph:

zone 1
zone 2
zone 3

A
  1. non affected or mildly affected fetus
  2. moderately affected fetus (requires careful monitoring)
  3. severely affected fetus (requires intervention: labor or exchange transfusion)
69
Q

test for neural tube defects is a screening test for _________

A

alphafetoprotein (AFP)

70
Q

NTD screening test =

A

increase in neural tube defects
decrease in down syndrome

71
Q

confirmatory test for NTD

A

acetylcholinesterase

72
Q

a birth defect where there is incomplete closing of the back bone and membranes around the spinal cord, mass at lower back

A

spina bifida (split spine)

73
Q

the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp that occurs during embryonic development

A

anencephaly

AUBF (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions