Semen Pt. 2 Flashcards
Specimen is poured into a clean graduated cylinder calibrated into ?
0.1 mL increments
Droplets that form threads longer than - are considered highly viscous and are recorded as abnormal
2 cm
Routinely identified abnormalities in head structure
Double heads, giant and amorphous head, pinheads, tapered heads, constricted heads
Abnormal sperm tails
Doubled, coiled, bent
Cytoplasmic droplets
> 1/3 of head
Most widely used stain for sperm morphology
Papanicolaou stain
Air dried stain are stable for_ hours
24 hours
Chromosomes of head contains
22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome
Contain the enzymes necessary for fertilization
Autosome
Teratospermia syndromes
Globospermia, microcephaly, short tail spermatozoa
Increased number of immature forms
Epididymal dysfunction, frequent ejaculations
- Increased no. Of tapering
- spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets or bent tail
Varicocoele
Round cells
Immature sperm and leukocytes
Calculating round cells
N (round cells) x S (sperm concentration) / 100 mature sperm
Sperm vitality is evaluated by mixing the specimen with
Eosin-nigrosin stain
Normal vitality requires _ or more living cells
50%
Presence of a large proportion of viable but immobile cells may indicate a
Defective flagellum
High number of immotile and nonviable cell may indicate
Epididymal pathology
Test used for abnormal vitality, > 75%
Eosin nigrosin stain
Abnormal result for eosin nigrosin stain
Decreased motility with normal count
specimens can be screened for the presence of fructose using the
resorcinol test
Resorcinol test produces an - color when fructose is present
Orange color
Normal quantitative level of fructose
> or greater than 13 umol/ejaculate
Specimens for fructose levels should be tested within 2 hours of collection or frozen to prevent
Fructolysis
- Detected in both men and women
- considered a possible cause of infertility
Antisperm antibodies
A-glucosidase normal value
> _ 20 mu/ejaculate
Zn normal value
> 2.4 mmol/ejaculate
Citric acid normal value
> 52 mmol/ ejaculate
ACP normal value
> 200 U/ejaculate
Sperm agglutination and immobilization
Escherichia coli
