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AUBF Lec > Semen > Flashcards

Semen Flashcards

1
Q

Semen is composed of 4 fractions that are contributed by the testes

A

Epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands

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2
Q

Testes are paired glands in the scrotum that contain the

A

Seminiferous tubules

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3
Q

Provide support and nutrients for the germ cells as they undergo mitosis and meiosis (spermarogenesis)

A

Specialized sertoli cells

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4
Q

When spermatogenesis is complete, the ___ (non motile) enter the epididymis

A

Immature sperm

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5
Q

Where the sperm mature and develop flagella

A

Epididymis

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6
Q

The entire process of spermatozoa takes approx how many days?

A

90 days

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7
Q
  • Produce most of the fluid present in semen ( 60% to 70%)
  • fluid contains high conc of fructose and flavin
  • transport medium for the sperm
A

Seminal vesicles

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8
Q

Metabolize the fructose for the energy needed for the flagella to propel them through the female reproductive tract

A

Spermatozoa

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9
Q

Responsible for the gray appearance of semen

A

Flavin

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10
Q
  • Surrounds the upper urethra, aids in propelling the sperm through the uretura by contractions during ejaculation
  • 20- 30% acidic fluid , contains enzymes responsible for coagulation and liquefaction
A

Muscular prostate gland

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11
Q
  • Contribute about 5% fluid volume (thick, alkaline mucus)
  • neutralize acidity from the prostate secretions and vagina
A

Bulbourethral glands

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12
Q

Most of the sperm are contained in the - portion of the ejaculate

A

First portion

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13
Q

Specimens are collected FF a period of sexual abstinence of at least

A

2 to 7 days

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14
Q

When performing fertility testing, the WHO recommends that - samples be collected

A

2-3 samples

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15
Q

Appropriate specimen container

A

Warm sterile glass or plastic containers

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16
Q

Specimens awaiting analysis should be kept at

A

37°C

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17
Q

Ordinary condoms are not acceptable because they contain spermicides, instead they use

A

Nonlubricant containing rubber or polyurethane condoms

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18
Q

Parameters reported in semen analysis

A

Appearance, volume, viscosity, PH, sperm concentration and count, mobility and morphology

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19
Q

Normal semen appearance

A

Gray white color, translucent, characteristic musty odor

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20
Q

When the sperm concentration is very low the specimen may appear?

A

Almost clear

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21
Q

Increased white turbidity indicates the presence of

A

WBC and infection

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22
Q

During microscopic examination, WBCs must be differentiated from

A

Immature sperm (spermatids)

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23
Q

Useful to screen the presence of WBC’s in semen

A

Leukocyte esterase reagent strip

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24
Q

Associated with the presence of RBC’S

A

Red coloration

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25
Q

May be caused by urine contamination or prolonged abstinence and medications

A

Yellow color

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26
Q

A fresh semen specimen is clotted and should liquefy within

A

30 to 60 minutes

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27
Q

Failure of liquefaction to occur within 60 mins may be caused by

A

Deficiency in prostatic enzymes

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28
Q

Used to induce liquefaction

A

Balbeccos phosphate buffered saline, proteolytic enzymes

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29
Q

Jelly like granules (gelatinous bodies)

A

No clinical significance

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30
Q

Normal semen volume ranges between

A

2-5 mL

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31
Q

Function of seminiferous tubules of testes

A

Spermatogenesis

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32
Q

Epididymis function

A

Sperm maturation

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33
Q

Function of ductus deferens

A

Propel sperm to ejaculatory ducts

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34
Q

Function of seminal vesicle

A

Provide nutrients for sperm and fluid

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35
Q

Prostate gland function

A

Provide enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction

36
Q

Bulbourethral glands function

A

Add alkaline mucus to neutralize prostatic and and vaginal acidity

37
Q

Spermatozoa semen composition

A

5%

38
Q

Seminal fluid semen composition

A

60 - 70%

39
Q

Prostate fluid semen composition

A

20% - 30%

40
Q

Bulbourethral glands semen composition

A

5%

41
Q

The PH should be measured within _ hour of ejaculation due to the loss of CO 2 that occurs

A

1 hour

42
Q

Normal pH of semen is alkaline with a range of

A

7.2 - 8.0

43
Q

Decreased PH may be associated with

A

associated with increased prostatic fluid,ejaculatory duct obstruction, poorly develop seminal vesicle

44
Q

Total sperm count for the ejaculate can be calculated by

A

Sperm concentration x specimen volume

45
Q

Total sperm count considered normal

A

40 million per ejaculate ( 20 millions/ml x 2 mL)

46
Q

The most commonly used dilution ratio

A

1:20

47
Q

Diluting fluids

A

Sodium bicarbonate and formalin traditional)
Saline and distilled water

48
Q

Indications of > 1 million leukocytes per ml

A

Inflammation or infection of the reproductive organs

49
Q

> 1 million spermatids per ml indicates

A

Disruption of spermatogenesis

50
Q

Minimum mobility considered normal

A

50%, 2.0 rating after 1 hour

51
Q

Rapid straight-line mobility

A

4.0, A

52
Q

Slower speed, some lateral movement

A

3.0, B

53
Q

Slow forward progression, noticeable lateral movement

A

2.0, B

54
Q

No forward progression

A

1.0,c

55
Q

No movement

A

0, D

56
Q

Sperm moving linearly or in a large circle

A

Progressive motility

57
Q

Sperm moving with an absence of progression

A

Non-progressive motility

58
Q

No movement

A

immotility

59
Q

Normal sperm

A

Oval shaped head, 5 um long 3 um wide

60
Q

Normal flagella tail

A

45 um long

61
Q

Critical to ovum penetration is the enzyme containing - located at the tip of the head

A

acrosomal cap

62
Q

Sperm morphology is evaluated from a thinly smeared stained slide under

A

Oil immersion

63
Q

At least - sperm should be evaluated

A

200

64
Q

Staining can be performed using

A

Wrights, giemsa, shorr, or papanicolaou stain

65
Q

No semen volume

A

Aspermia

66
Q

No spermatozoa in semen

A

Azoospermia

67
Q

Leukocytes present in semen

A

Leukospermia

68
Q

The head of a normal spermatozoon structure contains

A

Acrosome, cell membrane, nucleus

69
Q

Normal sperm concentration

A

> 20 x 10^6/ml

70
Q

Total sperm count

A

> 40 x 10^6 per ejaculate

71
Q

<20 x10^6/ml

A

Oligospermia, sub-fertile

72
Q

<5x10^6/ml

A

Infertile

73
Q

No ejaculate

A

Aspermia

74
Q

diluent for sperm conc/ count

A

100 ml distilled H2O + 1 mL neutral buffered formalin + 5 gm NaHCO3

75
Q

1:20 dilution

A

0.5 mL of semen + 10 mL diluent thoroughly mixed

76
Q

How many counts is calculated in the neubauer chamber for sperm count

A

2 chambers

77
Q

(-)

A

azoospermia

78
Q

Increased semen volume may be due to

A

Extended abstinence, varicocoele

79
Q

Decreased semen volume

A

Infertility, dysfunction of semen producing organs, incomplete specimen collection

80
Q

Forward progression mobility rate

A

> 50%

81
Q

Rapid progression motility rate

A

> 25%

82
Q

< 50% motility after 2 hours

A

Asthenozoospermia, infertility

83
Q

acrosomal cap should encompass _ of the head

A

1/2

84
Q

Strict criteria for normal morphology

A

> 14%

85
Q

Routine criteria for normal morphology

A

> 30%

AUBF Lec (5 decks)

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