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AUBF Lec > CSF > Flashcards

CSF Flashcards

1
Q

a major fluid of the body

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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2
Q

Functions of CSF

A
  • supply nutrients to the nervous tissue
  • remove metabolic wastes
  • produce a mechanical barrier to cushion the brain and spinal cord against a trauma
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3
Q

brain and spinal cord are lined by

A

Meninges

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4
Q

meninges consist of 3 layers

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

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5
Q
  • Latin for hard mother
  • outer layer that lines the skull and vertebral canal
A

Dura mater

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6
Q

spiderweb like, filamentous inner membrane

A

Arachnoid

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7
Q

gentle mother, thin membrane lining the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord

A

pia mater

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8
Q

CSF is produced in the _ of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles

A

Choroid plexuses

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9
Q

Fluid produced every hour for adults

A

20 mL of fluid

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10
Q

the fluid flows through the - located between the arachnoid and pia mater

A

Subarachnoid space

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11
Q

volume of CSF maintained in adults

A

90 to 150 ML

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12
Q

volume of CSF maintained in neonates

A

10 to 60 ml

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13
Q

to maintain a specific volume in adults and neonates, the circulating fluid is reabsorbed back into the capillaries in the

A

Arachnoid granulations / villae

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14
Q

Are capillary networks that form the CSF from plasma by mechanisms of selective filtration

A

Choroid plexuses

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15
Q

capillary walls throughout the body are lined
with

A

endothelial cells

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16
Q

loosely connected to allow passage of soluble nutrients and wastes between the plasma and tissue

A

Endothelial cells of capillary walls

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17
Q

Have very tight fitting junctures that prevent the passage of many molecules

A

endothelial cells of choroid plexus

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18
Q

tight fitting structure of the endothelial cells in the choroid plexuses

A

blood brain barrier

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19
Q

CSF is routinely collected by

A

lumbar puncture

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20
Q

location of CSF collection

A

between the 3rd, 4th, or 5th lumbar vertebra

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21
Q

CSF specimens are collected in

A

three sterile tubes

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22
Q

Tube I

A

chemical and serologic test, least affected by blood or bacteria

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23
Q

Tube 2

A

usually designated for the microbiology laboratory

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24
Q

Tube 3

A

is used for HEMA/ cell count, its the least
likely to contain cells introduced by the spinal
tap procedure

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25
Q

how hematology tubes are maintained

A

refrigerated

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26
Q

microbiology tubes are maintained by

A

remain at room temp

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27
Q

chemistry and serology are maintained by

A

frozen

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28
Q

initial appearance of normal CSF

A

crystal clear

29
Q

3 types of epithelial cells

A

ependymal calls, choroidal cells, PAM cells

30
Q

used to describe CSF supernatant that is pink, orange, or yellow

A

Xanthochromia

31
Q

most common cause of xanthochromia

A

RBC degradation products

32
Q

grossly bloody CSF can be an indication of

A

Intracranial hemorrhage

33
Q

Cause and indication of a hazy, turbid,milky, cloudy CSF

A

Meningitis

34
Q

Microorganisms in CSF is an indication of

A

Meningitis

35
Q

Protein in CSF is an indication of

A
  • Disorders affecting blood-brain barrier
  • production of IgG within the CNS
36
Q

Oily appearance of CSF may be the cause of

A

Radiographic contrast media

37
Q

Cause and indication of bloody CSF

A
  • RBC
  • hemorrhage or traumatic cap
38
Q

Xanthochromic CSF because of hemoglobin is an indication of

A

Old hemorrhage, lysed cell from traumatic cap

39
Q

Xanthocromic CSF because of bilirubin may be an indication of

A

RBC degradation, elevated serum bilirubin level

40
Q

Xanthocromic CSF because of carotene may be an indication of

A

Increased serum levels

41
Q

Xanthocromic CSF because of protein may be an indication of

A

Disorders affecting blood-brain barrier

42
Q

Xanthocromic CSF because of melanin may be an indication of

A

Meningeal melanosarcoma

43
Q

Clotted CSF because of clothing factors

A

Introduced by traumatic tap

44
Q

Pellicle appearance in CSF because of dotting factors is an indication of

A

Tubercular meningitis

45
Q

WBCs ( particularly granulocytes) and RBCs begin to lyse within

A

1 hour

46
Q

40% of the leukocytes disintegrate after

A

2 hours

47
Q

Dilution ratio for CSF

A

1:20 or 1:10 (if clear no need to dilute)

48
Q

CSF cell count formula

A

Ave no. of cells counted x dilution/ no. of squares counted x volume of 1 square

49
Q

Preferred centrifuge for CSF specimen

A

Cytocentrifuge

50
Q

When one differential count is performed _should be counted, classified, and reported in terms of percentage

A

100 cells

51
Q

High CSF WBC count of which the majority of the cells are neutrophils are indicative of

A

Bacterial meningitis

52
Q

Major clinical significance of lymphocytes

A
  • Normal
  • viral, tubercular, fungal meningitis
  • multiple sclerosis
53
Q

Microscopic findings of lymphocytes

A

All stages of development may be found

54
Q

Major clinical significance of neutrophils

A
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • early cases of vital,tubercular, and fungal meningitis
  • cerebral hemorrhage
55
Q

Microscopic findings of neutrophils

A
  • Granules maybe less prominent than in blood
  • cells disintegrate rapidly
56
Q

Monocytes major clinical significance

A
  • Normal
  • viral, tubercular, fungal meningitis
  • multiple sclerosis
57
Q

Microscopic findings of monocytes

A

Found mixed with lymphocytes

58
Q

Major clinical significance of macrophages

A

RBCs in spinal fluid

59
Q

Microscopic findings of macrophages

A

May contain phagocytized RBCs appearing as
- empty vacuoles or ghost cells,
- hemosiderin granules, and
- hematoidin crystals

60
Q

Blast forms major clinical significance

A

Acute Leukemia

61
Q

Blast forms microscopic findings

A

Lymphoblasts, myeloblasts, or monoblasts

62
Q

Major clinical significance of lymphoma calls

A

Disseminated lymphoma

63
Q

Microscopic findings of lymphoma cells

A

Resemble lymphocytes with cleft nuclei

64
Q

Major clinical significance plasma cells

A

Multiple sclerosis, lymphocyte reactions

65
Q

Plasma cells microscopic findings

A
  • Traditional and classic forms seen
  • reactive lymphs
66
Q

Major Clinical Significance Of Ependymal, choroidal, and spindle-shaped cells Malignant cells

A

Diagnostic procedures

67
Q

Microscopic findings of Ependymal, choroidal,
and spindle-shaped cells

A

Seen in clusters with distinct nuclei and distinct cell
walls

68
Q

Major clinical significance of malignant cells

A

Metastatic carcinomas, primary CNS carcinoma

69
Q

Malignant cells microscopic findings

A

Seen in clusters with fusing of cell border and nuclei

AUBF Lec (5 decks)

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