Semantics

Question 1

Word meaning

Answer 1

Properties that reflect our knowledge about what words mean
Clarification of how certain words relate with other words
Interaction with different aspects of grammar , morphology and syntax

Question 2

SEMANTICS

Answer 2

Three types of analysis to describe meaning:
Semantic features: words as “containers” sentences.
Semantic roles: “roles” fulfilled
Lexical relation: “relationship” with other words

Question 3

Semantic feature analysis

Answer 3

Semantic properties: Components of meanings in a word.
Properties/features,possible values (+/-)
Example: Baby is (+young), (+human) (+animate)

Question 4

Semantic roles

Answer 4

They fulfill the situation described in a sentence
Example:
The woman bought a dress

Verb………… indicates action
Woman ……… performs the action = agent
Dress ………….. Undergoes the action = theme
The NPs describe the roles of entities (people or things) involved in the action.They have certain semantic or thematic roles

Question 5

Semantic roles (EXAMPLES)

Answer 5

Agent=the entitiy that performs the action
Theme=the entity that undergoes the action
Experiencer= one who perceives something
Instrument= an entity used to perform the action
Location=The place where the action happens
Source= the place form which an action originates
Goal= the place where the action is directed

Question 6

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF NOUNS

Answer 6

Shows in what ways words are similar or different
Draws attention to the unique attributes of a word.
Clarifies student concepts [increases comprehension]
May easily be integrated within a lesson, at any stage [Pre reading, While reading, Post reading]

Question 7

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF NOUNS (EXAMPLE)

Answer 7

The same semantic feature may be shared by many words

Question 8

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF NOUNS (EXAMPLE)

Answer 8

female is a semantic feature for: woman, girl ,aunt
Human professor,teenager,doctor
Semantic properties may have syntactic and semantic effects.

Question 9

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF NOUNS (EXAMPLE)

Answer 9

Count noun and mass nouns
example: 
Touching ,but I said "French toast" not a "French toast "
French toast = mass noun
A french toast=count noun

Question 10

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF VERBS

Answer 10

Verbs have semantic feature as part of their meaning.

Question 11

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF VERBS

Answer 11

‘Darken’ cause to become dark

Verbal features may have syntactic consequences

Question 12

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF VERBS

Answer 12

Verbs can describe events
John kissed Mary
Mary likes oysters

Question 13

ANTONYMS

Answer 13

Share all but one semantic feature
´´big and red´ few semantic features
´Buy and sell´ are relational opposites

Question 14

Three types of semantic analysis:

Answer 14

Words as ‘containers’ Semantic features (properties)

Question 15

Three types of semantic analysis:

Answer 15

‘roles’ they fulfill Semantic roles

Question 16

Three types of semantic analysis:

Answer 16

relationship’ with other words lexical relation

Question 17

Name a few semantic features?

Answer 17

+animate, -animate, +female, -female

Question 18

What’s another word for semantic roles?

Answer 18

Thematic roles.

Question 19

What is hyponymy?

Answer 19

When the meaning of one word is included in the meaning of another.

Question 20

Give one example of a hyponym.

Answer 20

Animal/dog

Question 21

What are superordinate terms?

Answer 21

The higher level of a hyponym, E.g. Animal.

Question 22

What are co-hyponyms?

Answer 22

When two or more words share the same superordinate term, such as dog and horse both sharing the superordinate term Animal.

Question 23

What are prototypes?

Answer 23

The idea of chateristic instance of a category is known as the prototype.

Question 24

Give one example of a prototype?

Answer 24

Bird” being used to categorize both canaries and penguins even though we don’t recognize them as being the same type of bird.

Question 25

What are homophones?

Answer 25

Two or more different words that have the same pronunciation.

Question 26

Give an example of homophones.

Answer 26

Meet/meat

Question 27

What are homonyms?

Answer 27

When ONE form has two or more meanings.

Question 28

Give an example of a homonym.

Answer 28

Bank of a river and a financial bank.

Question 29

What is polysemy?

Answer 29

Two or more words with the same form and related meanings.

Question 30

What is metonymy?

Answer 30

Substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it (“The pen [writing] is mightier than the sword [war/fighting].”)