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Linguist 100 > Semantics > Flashcards

Semantics Flashcards

1
Q

Onomatopiea

A

Word formed from a sound association

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2
Q

Prototype theory

A

Theory saying that some members of category are more central than others

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3
Q

Semantic features

A

Shared features in the meaning of a word

Make a table with + and -

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4
Q

Denotation

A

Literal meaning of a word , dictionary meaning

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5
Q

Connotation

A

meaning of a word by association with a emotion

Sometimes shared, sometimes individual

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6
Q

Synonymy

A

Words of same meaning

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7
Q

True synonymy

A

When words always have the same meaning no matter which context

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8
Q

Entailment

A

Two way: similar meaning
One way entailment: inclusive meaning
No entailment: not synonym

(Entailment is contextual)

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9
Q

Hyponymy

A

When a umbrella term encompass the meaning of other words called “hyponyms”

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10
Q

Superordinate

A

Umbrella term in hyponymy

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11
Q

Hyponym

A

Words in hyponymy who are under an umbrella term

They have co-hyponym

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12
Q

Testing for hyponymy

A

Is [hyponym] a type of [superordinate]

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13
Q

Polysemy

A

When a word has different meaning, but they all have the same origin

Use a dictionary

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14
Q

Homonymy

A

Identical in written or spoken form or both

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15
Q

Homograph

A

Identical in written form different pronunciation

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16
Q

Homophones

A

Have the same pronunciation but are written differently

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17
Q

Antonymy

A

Words with opposite meaning

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18
Q

Complementary opposite

A

Antonym where the presence of one mean the complete absence of the other

Do not have a degree

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19
Q

Gradable opposite

A

Antonym: Both words lie on a spectrum, they can be modify by degree adverb

20
Q

Relational opposite

A

Antonym whose opposition depend of context, not gradable

21
Q

Antonym markedness

A

One word of any pair of antonym is the default.

The default is unmarked
The other is marked

22
Q

Semantic argument

A

=/= syntactic argument
Based on a verb and its meaning, thematic role

Semantic relationship between verb and np

Role can only be assigned once per sentence

23
Q

TR: agent

A

Np who performs action and has the volition to do so

24
Q

TR: theme

A

Np who undergoes action denoted by verb

25
Q

TR: patient

A

Np who undergoes action but changes state

26
Q

TR: goal

A

Destination intended by verb

27
Q

TR: location

A

There an event takes place

28
Q

TR: source

A

Place from which an event takes place

29
Q

TR: experiencer

A

An animate entity which perceives/observes smth or experience emotion

30
Q

TR: stimulus

A

Smth that cause another entity to have emotion

31
Q

TR: causative

A

A natural force that cause an event to happen

32
Q

TR: instrument

A

Means by which an action is performed

33
Q

TR: possessor

A

An entity that has another entity

34
Q

TR: purpose

A

Reason why an action is being done

35
Q

Meaning change

A

Every word has a variety of meaning which can be altered, added, removed over time

Motivation for change: culture, connotation, belief

36
Q

MC: widening

A

When a word gets more context

37
Q

MC: narrowing

A

When a word is used in fewer context

38
Q

MC: amelioration

A

When a word meaning get change from negative to positive

39
Q

MC: pejoration

A

When a word meaning switch from positive to negative

40
Q

MC: retronym

A

Backformation from a longer form which is no longer adequate

41
Q

Semantic ambiguity

A

When a sentence can be understood differently based on the meaning of the words in it

42
Q

Contextual meaning

A

When words require additional information in order to be understood

43
Q

Deixis

A

Contextual words, deictic words

44
Q

Person deixis

A

He, they, you

45
Q

Place deixis

A

Here, that

46
Q

Time deixis

A

Now, soon, then

47
Q

Implied meaning

A

Cooperative principle by Paul Griece

  • maxim of quality: good amount of info
  • “manner: clarity
  • “relevance
  • “quality: truth

Linguist 100 (5 decks)

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