Linguist 100 Lexic

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

Study of the internal meaningful structure of words

Question 2

Monomorphemic words

Answer 2

Words who cannot be broken down in smaller morphemes

Question 3

Root morphemes

Answer 3

Morphologically simple morphemes used to create longer words

Question 4

Polymorphemic words

Answer 4

Words made up of a root morpheme and an affixe

Question 5

Morphologically complex words

Answer 5

Words made up of a root morpheme and an affixe

Question 6

Root vs base

Answer 6

Root: minimal form of a morpheme
Base: any morpheme to which we add smth

Question 7

Free morpheme

Answer 7

Standalone morpheme, has a easily definedmeaning

Question 8

Bound morpheme

Answer 8

Cannot standalone and by meaningful by itself

Question 9

Testing for morpheme

Answer 9

See if morphemes making up words are present in other words as well (symphony-symbiosis/sympathy)

In unknown languages compare words with each others

Question 10

Affixation

Answer 10

Most common method among human languages to create new words

Question 11

-fixes

Who are they?

Answer 11

Pre/ suf/ af / in / circum/ trans are all bound morphemes

Question 12

Prefix

Answer 12

Wbp: Is used in front of a base

Question 13

Suffix

Answer 13

Wbp: Is used after a base

In english, the plural «-s» is a suffix

Question 14

Infix

Answer 14

Wbp: added inside the base (not in english)

Question 15

Circumfix

Answer 15

Wbp: Added to beginning and end.

It is a discontinuous morpheme

Question 16

Transfix

Answer 16

Wbp: Vowels added inside the base

It is a discontinuous morpheme

Question 17

Reduplication

Answer 17

Wbp: repetition of the root, which is sometimes altered

Question 18

World building process

Answer 18

Are processes by which new words are being built:

• Affixation
• Non affixation

Question 19

Ablaut

Answer 19

Wbp: alteration of a sound in a morpheme

Sing-sang-sung

Question 20

Zero morpheme

Answer 20

Wbp: when a new word is created but no alteration is made

Sheep-sheep

Question 21

Inflection

Answer 21

Wbp: a bound morpheme with grammatical info

Question 22

9 form of inflections in english

Answer 22

• / : singular
• s : plural
• ‘s : possessive
• s : 3rd person singular
• ing: present participle
• ed : past
• en : past participle
• er : comparative
• est : superlative

Question 23

Derivation

Answer 23

Create new words by affixation

We speak derivational affixes

Question 24

Ordering

Answer 24

Preferred order of derivation / inflection

Question 25

Complex words

Answer 25

At least one morpheme is bound

Con-struct-ion

Question 26

Compound words

Answer 26

Only free morphemes
Stone age cave dweller

1st morpheme is stressed

Question 27

Testing compound

Answer 27

Replace by pronoun

Question 28

Endocentric compound

Answer 28

Made of X+Y morphemes, where morpheme Y is the head

Question 29

Exocentric compound

Answer 29

There is no head i side the compound

Question 30

Larger compound, the problem

Answer 30

They have a head and a modifier, but we need to use a dictionary to see where the head is

Question 31

Calque

Answer 31

Wbp: words borrowed from other language

Rest in peace

Question 32

Abbreviation

Answer 32

Wbp: every letter of the word stand for smth and is pronounced distinctly

Question 33

Acronym

Answer 33

Wbp: every letter of the word stands for something

Question 34

Conversion

Answer 34

Wbp: change word class but meaning is same
Concrete, farm

Question 35

Clipping

Answer 35

Wbp: reduced form, similar meaning

Exam (ination)

Question 36

Blending

Answer 36

Wbp: two words merge together

Smog

Question 37

Backformation

Answer 37

Wbp: when we remove a part

Television- televise

Question 38

Productivity of affixes

Answer 38

Some affixes are more productive

While others fall out of use through morpheme decline