Semantics

Question 1

Name 3 types of semantic rules

Answer 1

Truth value - the birds are barking
Entailment -mary studied SPH101. Mary is my student
Ambiguity -I spoke to the student on interact2

Question 2

Name 3 areas of Semantics

Answer 2

lexical semantics - word meaning and the meaning relationship between words
Sentential semantics -syntactic units larger than a word
Pragmatics- influence of the context of a meaning

Question 3

describe conceptual meaning and associative meaning

Answer 3

conceptual: eg cat. black cat means bad luck
assoiciative: words can be used as euphemisms.

Question 4

2 types of meaning: reference and sense

Answer 4

reference: real life object the word refers to
sense: meaning in relationship to other words(language specific)

Question 5

make an example with the words black, white in relation to the key terms, sense, reference, conceptual, associative meaning

Answer 5

associative- black being the colour of my netball team
conceptual- black is the opposite to white
reference- black can be used “black paint” then black is the reference for the colour fo the paint
sense- good and bad. black=bad, white=is good. two sides

Question 6

Definition of Polysemy (lexical relations)

Answer 6

words that are the same but with different yet related meaning

Question 7

Definition of Homonyny(lexical relations)

Answer 7

Words that ar written the same but have different meaning. this is what leads to lexical ambiguity

Question 8

Definition Homophony(lexical relations)

Answer 8

different words same sounds(different spelling) flour. flower

Question 9

Definition Synonomy(lexical relations)

Answer 9

different words with same meaning. eg big, large.

Question 10

Definition Antonomy and the 3 subcategories

Answer 10

Words with opposite meaning.
complimentary pairs. alive-dead
gradable pairs- hot cold, colder, hotter
relational opposites-mother /child

Question 11

Definition Hyponomy (lexical relations)

Answer 11

eg weather - sunny, stormy, rainy. are co hyponyms to weather

Question 12

Definition Metonomy( lexical relations)

Answer 12

eg “this is a problem for canberra”. we know that canberra could stand for the government, or the politics. as we know that canberra is the political capital.
“she drank 5 cups” words cups replaces words lke coffee, water …
the words stand for another meaning that we knwo based on our knowledge

Question 13

What are thematic roles/semantic roles?

Answer 13

The sematic relationship between noun phrases and the verb

Question 14

list the semantic roles and define them

Answer 14

agent - the entity doing the action
theme -the entity that is involved of affected by the action
location-where an entity is
goal - where the entity moves to
source - where the entity moves from
instrument - the entity used to perform the action
experiencer- the person that has a feeling or perception
causative-a natural force of change
possesor - the person/entity who has something