semantic memory Flashcards
general world knowledge including objects, people, concepts, words =
semantic memory
what was the first network semantic memory model developed by Collins & Quillians?
Hierarchial network model
why is the structure of semantic memory described as a network?
links with knowledge you have learnt previously, library of knowledge like wikipedia
what is the structural features of the hierarchical network model?
activate a representation that spreads to an upper category level and this activate the top level category. access of concept representations through spreading activation between NODES via their connecting PATHS
what are the 3 different levels in the hierarchical network model?
subordinate > basic > superordinate
which levels are the easiest and hardest to retrieve semantic memories?
basic = easiest and quickest to retrieve, subordinate = harder because more specific, superordinate = hard because they are above basic level.
properties of the different representations =
features
what is the revised model from the hierarchical network model called?
associative network model
agreed its definitely a network but not as similar to Wiki
instead of hierarchy, what does associates the different concepts?
semantic relatedness
why are semantic memories represented as an associative network?
because there are associations between different concepts
what is semantic dementia?
progressive deterioration leading to loss of knowledge about everything, relatively early onset
what are the 4 different theories of categorisation? give them in the order were they developed in
classical theory > prototype theory > exemplar theory > explanation based theory
assumes categories come about by defining necessary concepts based by necessary, sufficient features = what theory?
classical
what were the criticisms of classical theory developed by Ludwig Wittgenstein?
looked at chairs and peoples definitions of them. found there isn’t 1 single definition that works for all chairs but they all have certain features in common (family resemblance)
different members of a category can share different features =
family resemblance
categories exhibit an averaged ideal of all the different exemplars =
central tendency
some members are more typical for a category than others =
graded membership
what are the 3 different ways in measuring categorisation?
typicality ratings, exemplar production, category membership verification
how are categories measured with typicality ratings?
ppts asked to rank a member of a category from being best example to worst example to show graded membership in categories
how are categories measured with exemplar production?
ppts asked to recall as many things part of a category as possible, DV = frequency of production
how are categories measured using category membership verification?
ask ppt if exemplar is part of a category (e.g. is carpet a type of furniture?) fast to say robin is a bird but slower to say carpet is a furniture. longer reaction times would reflect less typical membership
categories are determined by a mental representation that is a weighted average of all category members = what theory?
prototype theory
what forms can the prototype be in?
may of may not be an actual entity > can be an actual thing in the world or an abstract representation in semantic memory
what is a strength of prototype theory?
accounts for central tendency