Semantic & lexical development

Question 1

Overextension (extending the meaning)

Answer 1

children link objects to similar qualities such as taste, sound, movement, shape, size & texture. E.G. Naming a dog a cow.

Question 2

Rescorla

Answer 2

described 3 categories of overextension

Question 3

1. Categorial

Answer 3

apple for all fruit (60%) hyponym of fruit

Question 4

2. Analogical

Answer 4

ball for all round fruit (15%) - function or perception of an object

Question 5

3. Mismatch

Answer 5

duck at an empty pond (25%) - abstract info

Question 6

Underextension (meaning narrows)

Answer 6

‘shoes’ for those on feet and ‘not shoes’ for those not on feet (egocentrism)

Question 7

Mismatch

Answer 7

unrelated meaning

Question 8

Hutcherson & Buren (1974)

Answer 8

Strawberry case study, the child based his response on the non-linguistic context - misinterpretation

Question 9

How do children learn?

Answer 9

they negotiate its usage by trial, error and observation

Question 10

Nelson (1973)

Answer 10

placed the early words of children into four categories: naming, action, social, and modifying (descriptions). 60% of the first 50 words are nouns

Question 11

Bloom (2004)

Answer 11

argued that there are more nouns than verbs in English vocabulary (biased)

Question 12

Aitchson

Answer 12

connects children’s lexical and semantic development through 3 categories:

Question 13

1. Labelling

Answer 13

linking words to objects

Question 14

2. Packaging

Answer 14

exploring through trial and error

Question 15

3. Network building

Answer 15

understanding similarities and opposites

Question 16

Hyponomy

Answer 16

the links between lexical items that divides into hypernyms and hyponyms

Question 17

Hypernym example

Answer 17

colour

Question 18

Hyponym example

Answer 18

red, blue, orange…

Question 19

Synonymy

Answer 19

different ways to name the same object: ‘quack-quack’ for ‘duck’