Sem 2B Weeks 10-12 Flashcards
Accessory glands in male repro system
Bulbourethral Prostate Seminal vesicles
Which hormone are sertoli cells sensitive to
FSH
What is the role of the tunica vaginalis
Thick layer of connective tissue that lines the scortal cavity and reduces friction
What is interesting about the seminiferous tubules
Blind ended - begin and end in the rete testes
Oestrogen peaks before
FSH and LH
How do primary spermatids form the early spermatids
Undergo meisois I to form the secondary spermatids Undergo meiosis II to form the early spermatids
What is the role of leydig cells
Produce testosterone - lots of SER
What can be said regarding avergae muscle mass and fat content in men and women after puberty
On average men have more muscle mass and women more fat
What structure separates the lobules of the testes
Speta
Describe some of the skeletal sexual dimophism seen in men and women during puberty
Shoulders of men grow more than women Hips of women grow more than men
How long does a menstural cycle last in reality
28 days (23-35 days)
What changes can be seen during puberty
Repro organs change size, pubic hair, deepening of the voice, menarche
Which region of the ovary contains the developing eggs
Cortex
What is the pH of the semen Why is this the case
7.35-7.5 Neutralise any urine in the urethra
Effects of FSH in females
Stimulates follicle cells to produce oestrogen during the pre-ovulatory phase Causes ovulation Stimulates corpus luteum to produce progesterone during post ov phasse
What could precocious puberty indicate
Pituitary tumour
List some potential causes of delayed puberty
PCOS Chronic illness Nutritional issues Inherited factors Excessive exercise
What is the dartos muscle
Subcutaneous muscle that pulls the testes toward the body creating the wrinkled appearance of the scrotum
Why are the testes outside of the body
Sperm dev one deg below body temperature
Outline the stages folliculogenesis
Primordial follicles –> primary follicles –> secondary follicles –> tertiary follicles –> corpus rubrum –> corpus luteum –> corpus albicans
How long after peak LH levels does implantation occr
6-7 days
What is the role of the ovaries
Contain oocytes and produce steroid hormones which drive the menstrual cycle
At the start of puberty ______ are taller than ______ how does thia compare with at the end of puberty
women than men Men taller at end
What produces oestrogen
Follicles
What produces progesterone
Corpus luteum
Which hormone stimulates the action of the Leydig cells
LH
What gender begin puberty first
Girsl
Define precocious puberty
Pibic hair growth occuring before 6-8 years in females and before 9 in males
What is the name for the central region of the testes
Medastinum testes
What is the name of the connective tissue layer that surrounds the ovary
Tunic albuginea
What is hypospadias
Where the urethral meatus is present on the ventral side of the shaft of the penis
Progesterone peaks around
Day 24
What is the difference seen between puberty and adolescence
Puberty - phsycial changes Adolescence - physiological/behavioural changes
What is the name given to cell death exhibited in the follicles
Atresia
What cell types are contained in the seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous epithelium Myoid cells - contract to propel non-motile cells along the semifierous tubules
What is the name of the cuboidal epithelial cells that surround the ovary and are derived from the peritoneum
Germinal epithelium
What are the phases of a menstural cycle
Preovulatory - mediated by oestrogen Post ovulatory phase - mediated by progesterone
Effects of LH in males
Stim leydig cells to produce testosterone Stim speratogenesis
Why do very tight junctions exist at the basolateral membranes of the sertoli cells
Prevent the immune system from recognising sperm cells and producing antibodies - lead to infertility
Delayed pubery can be defined in boys and girls as more than 2 years since the start of puberty without completion
F more than 5 years since start of puberty without completion
Effects of FSH in males
Stim of sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding protein Stim speratogenesis Simulates sertoli cells to produce inhibin providing negative feedback to the anterior pituitary to decrease FSH secretion when testosterone levels become too high
Where are mature sperm stored
Epididymis
Recall the pathway of spermatogenesis
Spermatogonia - Primary spermatids - secondary spermatids - early spermatids - spermatozoa
What is the name of the region of the ovary that contains the majority of the blood supply
Medulla
Why are men more likely to get inguinal hernias
Testes have to push through the anterior abdominal wall to drop into scrotal sac
What are the roles of the sertoli cells
Contain vesicles in which the sperm develop Provide nutritional and mechanical support to germ cells, steroidogenic, secretion of proteins
How do sermatogonium dividie
Mitosis
What is meant by ovarian asymmetry
Only one ovary is active each month
What is the tunica albuginea
Dense layer of connective tissue continuous with the fibres surrounding the epididymis
Names of the tubules which make up the male repro system
Ductus deferens Urethra Seminiferous tubules
Effects of LH in females
Stim follicle cells to produce oestrogen during pre ov phase Causes ovulation Triggers formation of corpus luteum
What are the phases of testicular decent
Transabdominal Inguinal phase
Why is puberty beginning earlier now than 50 years ago
Better nutrition
What remains constant during folliculogenesis
The size of the egg
What change has been seen in the age of menarche
Decreased
Define puberty
Period at the beginning of adolscence where the sex glands become functional and the secondary characteristics emerge
