Sem 2B Weeks 10-12

Question 1

Accessory glands in male repro system

Answer 1

Bulbourethral Prostate Seminal vesicles

Question 2

Which hormone are sertoli cells sensitive to

Answer 2

FSH

Question 3

What is the role of the tunica vaginalis

Answer 3

Thick layer of connective tissue that lines the scortal cavity and reduces friction

Question 4

What is interesting about the seminiferous tubules

Answer 4

Blind ended - begin and end in the rete testes

Question 5

Oestrogen peaks before

Answer 5

FSH and LH

Question 6

How do primary spermatids form the early spermatids

Answer 6

Undergo meisois I to form the secondary spermatids Undergo meiosis II to form the early spermatids

Question 7

What is the role of leydig cells

Answer 7

Produce testosterone - lots of SER

Question 8

What can be said regarding avergae muscle mass and fat content in men and women after puberty

Answer 8

On average men have more muscle mass and women more fat

Question 9

What structure separates the lobules of the testes

Answer 9

Speta

Question 10

Describe some of the skeletal sexual dimophism seen in men and women during puberty

Answer 10

Shoulders of men grow more than women Hips of women grow more than men

Question 11

How long does a menstural cycle last in reality

Answer 11

28 days (23-35 days)

Question 12

What changes can be seen during puberty

Answer 12

Repro organs change size, pubic hair, deepening of the voice, menarche

Question 13

Which region of the ovary contains the developing eggs

Answer 13

Cortex

Question 14

What is the pH of the semen Why is this the case

Answer 14

7.35-7.5 Neutralise any urine in the urethra

Question 15

Effects of FSH in females

Answer 15

Stimulates follicle cells to produce oestrogen during the pre-ovulatory phase Causes ovulation Stimulates corpus luteum to produce progesterone during post ov phasse

Question 16

What could precocious puberty indicate

Answer 16

Pituitary tumour

Question 17

List some potential causes of delayed puberty

Answer 17

PCOS Chronic illness Nutritional issues Inherited factors Excessive exercise

Question 18

What is the dartos muscle

Answer 18

Subcutaneous muscle that pulls the testes toward the body creating the wrinkled appearance of the scrotum

Question 19

Why are the testes outside of the body

Answer 19

Sperm dev one deg below body temperature

Question 20

Outline the stages folliculogenesis

Answer 20

Primordial follicles –> primary follicles –> secondary follicles –> tertiary follicles –> corpus rubrum –> corpus luteum –> corpus albicans

Question 21

How long after peak LH levels does implantation occr

Answer 21

6-7 days

Question 22

What is the role of the ovaries

Answer 22

Contain oocytes and produce steroid hormones which drive the menstrual cycle

Question 23

At the start of puberty ______ are taller than ______ how does thia compare with at the end of puberty

Answer 23

women than men Men taller at end

Question 24

What produces oestrogen

Answer 24

Follicles

Question 25

What produces progesterone

Answer 25

Corpus luteum

Question 26

Which hormone stimulates the action of the Leydig cells

Answer 26

LH

Question 27

What gender begin puberty first

Answer 27

Girsl

Question 28

Define precocious puberty

Answer 28

Pibic hair growth occuring before 6-8 years in females and before 9 in males

Question 29

What is the name for the central region of the testes

Answer 29

Medastinum testes

Question 30

What is the name of the connective tissue layer that surrounds the ovary

Answer 30

Tunic albuginea

Question 31

What is hypospadias

Answer 31

Where the urethral meatus is present on the ventral side of the shaft of the penis

Question 32

Progesterone peaks around

Answer 32

Day 24

Question 33

What is the difference seen between puberty and adolescence

Answer 33

Puberty - phsycial changes Adolescence - physiological/behavioural changes

Question 34

What is the name given to cell death exhibited in the follicles

Answer 34

Atresia

Question 35

What cell types are contained in the seminiferous tubules

Answer 35

Seminiferous epithelium Myoid cells - contract to propel non-motile cells along the semifierous tubules

Question 36

What is the name of the cuboidal epithelial cells that surround the ovary and are derived from the peritoneum

Answer 36

Germinal epithelium

Question 37

What are the phases of a menstural cycle

Answer 37

Preovulatory - mediated by oestrogen Post ovulatory phase - mediated by progesterone

Question 38

Effects of LH in males

Answer 38

Stim leydig cells to produce testosterone Stim speratogenesis

Question 39

Why do very tight junctions exist at the basolateral membranes of the sertoli cells

Answer 39

Prevent the immune system from recognising sperm cells and producing antibodies - lead to infertility

Question 40

Delayed pubery can be defined in boys and girls as more than 2 years since the start of puberty without completion

Answer 40

F more than 5 years since start of puberty without completion

Question 41

Effects of FSH in males

Answer 41

Stim of sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding protein Stim speratogenesis Simulates sertoli cells to produce inhibin providing negative feedback to the anterior pituitary to decrease FSH secretion when testosterone levels become too high

Question 42

Where are mature sperm stored

Answer 42

Epididymis

Question 43

Recall the pathway of spermatogenesis

Answer 43

Spermatogonia - Primary spermatids - secondary spermatids - early spermatids - spermatozoa

Question 44

What is the name of the region of the ovary that contains the majority of the blood supply

Answer 44

Medulla

Question 45

Why are men more likely to get inguinal hernias

Answer 45

Testes have to push through the anterior abdominal wall to drop into scrotal sac

Question 46

What are the roles of the sertoli cells

Answer 46

Contain vesicles in which the sperm develop Provide nutritional and mechanical support to germ cells, steroidogenic, secretion of proteins

Question 47

How do sermatogonium dividie

Answer 47

Mitosis

Question 48

What is meant by ovarian asymmetry

Answer 48

Only one ovary is active each month

Question 49

What is the tunica albuginea

Answer 49

Dense layer of connective tissue continuous with the fibres surrounding the epididymis

Question 50

Names of the tubules which make up the male repro system

Answer 50

Ductus deferens Urethra Seminiferous tubules

Question 51

Effects of LH in females

Answer 51

Stim follicle cells to produce oestrogen during pre ov phase Causes ovulation Triggers formation of corpus luteum

Question 52

What are the phases of testicular decent

Answer 52

Transabdominal Inguinal phase

Question 53

Why is puberty beginning earlier now than 50 years ago

Answer 53

Better nutrition

Question 54

What remains constant during folliculogenesis

Answer 54

The size of the egg

Question 55

What change has been seen in the age of menarche

Answer 55

Decreased

Question 56

Define puberty

Answer 56

Period at the beginning of adolscence where the sex glands become functional and the secondary characteristics emerge