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BMS109 Phys/Pharm > Sem 2B Weeks 10-12 > Flashcards

Sem 2B Weeks 10-12 Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory glands in male repro system

A

Bulbourethral Prostate Seminal vesicles

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2
Q

Which hormone are sertoli cells sensitive to

A

FSH

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3
Q

What is the role of the tunica vaginalis

A

Thick layer of connective tissue that lines the scortal cavity and reduces friction

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4
Q

What is interesting about the seminiferous tubules

A

Blind ended - begin and end in the rete testes

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5
Q

Oestrogen peaks before

A

FSH and LH

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6
Q

How do primary spermatids form the early spermatids

A

Undergo meisois I to form the secondary spermatids Undergo meiosis II to form the early spermatids

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7
Q

What is the role of leydig cells

A

Produce testosterone - lots of SER

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8
Q

What can be said regarding avergae muscle mass and fat content in men and women after puberty

A

On average men have more muscle mass and women more fat

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9
Q

What structure separates the lobules of the testes

A

Speta

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10
Q

Describe some of the skeletal sexual dimophism seen in men and women during puberty

A

Shoulders of men grow more than women Hips of women grow more than men

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11
Q

How long does a menstural cycle last in reality

A

28 days (23-35 days)

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12
Q

What changes can be seen during puberty

A

Repro organs change size, pubic hair, deepening of the voice, menarche

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13
Q

Which region of the ovary contains the developing eggs

A

Cortex

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14
Q

What is the pH of the semen Why is this the case

A

7.35-7.5 Neutralise any urine in the urethra

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15
Q

Effects of FSH in females

A

Stimulates follicle cells to produce oestrogen during the pre-ovulatory phase Causes ovulation Stimulates corpus luteum to produce progesterone during post ov phasse

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16
Q

What could precocious puberty indicate

A

Pituitary tumour

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17
Q

List some potential causes of delayed puberty

A

PCOS Chronic illness Nutritional issues Inherited factors Excessive exercise

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18
Q

What is the dartos muscle

A

Subcutaneous muscle that pulls the testes toward the body creating the wrinkled appearance of the scrotum

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19
Q

Why are the testes outside of the body

A

Sperm dev one deg below body temperature

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20
Q

Outline the stages folliculogenesis

A

Primordial follicles –> primary follicles –> secondary follicles –> tertiary follicles –> corpus rubrum –> corpus luteum –> corpus albicans

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21
Q

How long after peak LH levels does implantation occr

A

6-7 days

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22
Q

What is the role of the ovaries

A

Contain oocytes and produce steroid hormones which drive the menstrual cycle

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23
Q

At the start of puberty ______ are taller than ______ how does thia compare with at the end of puberty

A

women than men Men taller at end

24
Q

What produces oestrogen

A

Follicles

25
Q

What produces progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

26
Q

Which hormone stimulates the action of the Leydig cells

A

LH

27
Q

What gender begin puberty first

A

Girsl

28
Q

Define precocious puberty

A

Pibic hair growth occuring before 6-8 years in females and before 9 in males

29
Q

What is the name for the central region of the testes

A

Medastinum testes

30
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue layer that surrounds the ovary

A

Tunic albuginea

31
Q

What is hypospadias

A

Where the urethral meatus is present on the ventral side of the shaft of the penis

32
Q

Progesterone peaks around

A

Day 24

33
Q

What is the difference seen between puberty and adolescence

A

Puberty - phsycial changes Adolescence - physiological/behavioural changes

34
Q

What is the name given to cell death exhibited in the follicles

A

Atresia

35
Q

What cell types are contained in the seminiferous tubules

A

Seminiferous epithelium Myoid cells - contract to propel non-motile cells along the semifierous tubules

36
Q

What is the name of the cuboidal epithelial cells that surround the ovary and are derived from the peritoneum

A

Germinal epithelium

37
Q

What are the phases of a menstural cycle

A

Preovulatory - mediated by oestrogen Post ovulatory phase - mediated by progesterone

38
Q

Effects of LH in males

A

Stim leydig cells to produce testosterone Stim speratogenesis

39
Q

Why do very tight junctions exist at the basolateral membranes of the sertoli cells

A

Prevent the immune system from recognising sperm cells and producing antibodies - lead to infertility

40
Q

Delayed pubery can be defined in boys and girls as more than 2 years since the start of puberty without completion

A

F more than 5 years since start of puberty without completion

41
Q

Effects of FSH in males

A

Stim of sertoli cells to produce androgen-binding protein Stim speratogenesis Simulates sertoli cells to produce inhibin providing negative feedback to the anterior pituitary to decrease FSH secretion when testosterone levels become too high

42
Q

Where are mature sperm stored

A

Epididymis

43
Q

Recall the pathway of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonia - Primary spermatids - secondary spermatids - early spermatids - spermatozoa

44
Q

What is the name of the region of the ovary that contains the majority of the blood supply

A

Medulla

45
Q

Why are men more likely to get inguinal hernias

A

Testes have to push through the anterior abdominal wall to drop into scrotal sac

46
Q

What are the roles of the sertoli cells

A

Contain vesicles in which the sperm develop Provide nutritional and mechanical support to germ cells, steroidogenic, secretion of proteins

47
Q

How do sermatogonium dividie

A

Mitosis

48
Q

What is meant by ovarian asymmetry

A

Only one ovary is active each month

49
Q

What is the tunica albuginea

A

Dense layer of connective tissue continuous with the fibres surrounding the epididymis

50
Q

Names of the tubules which make up the male repro system

A

Ductus deferens Urethra Seminiferous tubules

51
Q

Effects of LH in females

A

Stim follicle cells to produce oestrogen during pre ov phase Causes ovulation Triggers formation of corpus luteum

52
Q

What are the phases of testicular decent

A

Transabdominal Inguinal phase

53
Q

Why is puberty beginning earlier now than 50 years ago

A

Better nutrition

54
Q

What remains constant during folliculogenesis

A

The size of the egg

55
Q

What change has been seen in the age of menarche

A

Decreased

56
Q

Define puberty

A

Period at the beginning of adolscence where the sex glands become functional and the secondary characteristics emerge

BMS109 Phys/Pharm (4 decks)

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