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L2 Anatomy > Sem 2 Week 3: Leg and Foot 1 > Flashcards

Sem 2 Week 3: Leg and Foot 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A
  • Anterior
  • Lateral
  • Posterior
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2
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the leg? (3)

A
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot
  • Inversion of the foot
  • Extension of the toes
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3
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

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4
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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5
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
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6
Q

What is the origin of tibialis anterior?

A

Lateral surface of the tibia

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7
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

Medial cuneiform and the base of metatarsal 1

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8
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior? (2)

A
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot
  • Inversion of the foot
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9
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis anterior?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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10
Q

What is the blood supply of tibialis anterior?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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11
Q

Which muscle is the strongest dorsiflexor?

A

Tibialis anterior

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12
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Lateral tibial condyle and medial surface of the tibia

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13
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Tendon splits into 4 and inserts onto the distal and middle phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

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14
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus? (2)

A
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot
  • Extension of the lateral 4 digits
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15
Q

What is the innervation of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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16
Q

What is the blood supply to extensor digitorum longus?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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17
Q

What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Medial surface of the fibular shaft

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18
Q

What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the big toe

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19
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus? (2)

A
  • Extension of the big toe
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot
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20
Q

What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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21
Q

What is the blood supply to extensor hallucis longus?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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22
Q

What is the cause of shin splits?

A

Microtrauma in the tibialis anterior and the periosteum of the tibia

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23
Q

What is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg? (2)

A
  • Eversion
  • Weak plantarflexion
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24
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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25
What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
Branches of the fibular artery
26
What are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
- Fibularis longus - Fibularis brevis
27
What is the origin of fibularis longus?
Superior and lateral surface of the fibula and the lateral tibial condyle
28
What is the insertion of fibularis longus?
Tendon descends posterior to the lateral malleolus, under the foot and inserts onto the medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
29
What is the action of fibularis longus? (2)
- Eversion of the foot - Plantarflexion of the foot
30
What is the innervation of fibularis longus?
Superficial fibular nerve
31
What is the blood supply of fibularis longus?
Branches of the fibular artery
32
What is the origin of fibularis brevis?
Inferolateral surface of fibular shaft
33
What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?
Tendon descends posterior to the lateral malleolus with fibularis longus, under the foot and inserts onto the 5th metatarsal
34
What is the action of fibularis brevis?
Eversion of the foot
35
What is the innervation of fibularis brevis?
Superficial fibular nerve
36
What is the blood supply of fibularis brevis?
Branches of the fibular artery
37
What injury causes foot drop?
- A fracture in the neck of the fibula causing damage to the common fibular nerve - Can't dorsiflex = foot drop
38
What are the 2 categories of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Superficial and deep
39
What is the action of the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg? (3)
- Plantarflexion of the foot - Flexion of the toes - Inversion of the foot
40
Which muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg? (3)
- Gastrocnemius - Soleus - Plantaris
41
What is the common insertion of the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon which inserts onto the calcaneus
42
What is the origin of gastrocnemius? (2)
- Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle - Medial head: medial femoral condyle
43
What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?
Onto the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
44
What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
45
What is the blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg? (2)
- Posterior tibial artery - Fibular artery
46
What is the action of gastrocnemius? (2)
- Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint - Flexion at the knee joint.
47
What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve
48
What is the blood supply of gastrocnemius? (2)
- Posterior tibial artery - Fibular artery
49
What is the origin of soleus?
Soleal line on the back of the tibia and the proximal fibula
50
What is the insertion of soleus?
Onto the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
51
What is the action of soleus?
Plantarflexion of the foot
52
What is the innervation of soleus?
Tibial nerve
53
What is the blood supply of soleus? (2)
- Posterior tibial artery - Fibular artery
54
What is the origin of plantaris?
Lateral supracondylar line of the femur
55
What is the action of plantaris? (2)
Contributes to plantarflexion at the ankle joint and flexion at the knee joint
56
What is the innervation of plantaris?
Tibial nerve
57
What is the blood supply of plantaris? (2)
- Posterior tibial artery - Fibular artery
58
Which muscle compresses the veins during contraction to promote venous return?
Soleus
59
What is the main action of the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Flexion of the toes
60
What are the muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg? (4)
- Tibialis posterior - Flexor digitorum longus - Flexor hallucis longus - Popliteus
61
What is the origin of tibialis posterior?
Posterior surface and interosseous membrane of the tibia and fibula
62
What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?
Tendon descends posterior to the medial malleolus and attaches to the plantar surfaces of the medial tarsal bones
63
What is the plantar surface of the foot?
Sole of the foot
64
What is the dorsal surface of the foot?
Top of the foot
65
What is the action of tibialis posterior? (2)
- Inversion of the foot - Plantarflexion of the foot
66
What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve
67
What is the blood supply of tibialis posterior? (2)
- Posterior tibial artery - Fibular artery
68
What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?
Medial surface of the tibia
69
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?
Plantar surfaces of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits
70
What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?
Flexion of the lateral 4 digits
71
What is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus?
Tibial nerve
72
What is the blood supply of flexor digitorum longus? (2)
- Posterior tibial artery - Fibular artery
73
What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?
Posterior surface of the fibula
74
What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?
Plantar surface of distal phalanx of big toe
75
What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?
Flexion of the big toe
76
What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus?
Tibial nerve
77
What is the blood supply of flexor hallucis longus? (2)
- Posterior tibial artery - Fibular artery
78
What is the origin of popliteus?
Lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral meniscus of the knee joint
79
What is the insertion of popliteus?
Proximal tibia
80
What is the action of popliteus?
Lateral rotation of the femur relative to the tibia in order to 'unlock' the knee
81
What is the innervation of popliteus?
Tibial nerve
82
What is the blood supply of popliteus?

L2 Anatomy (4 decks)

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