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L2 Anatomy > Sem 2 Week 3: Leg and Foot 1 > Flashcards

Sem 2 Week 3: Leg and Foot 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the leg?

A
  • Anterior
  • Lateral
  • Posterior
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2
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the leg? (3)

A
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot
  • Inversion of the foot
  • Extension of the toes
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3
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

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4
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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5
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Extensor hallucis longus
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6
Q

What is the origin of tibialis anterior?

A

Lateral surface of the tibia

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7
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?

A

Medial cuneiform and the base of metatarsal 1

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8
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior? (2)

A
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot
  • Inversion of the foot
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9
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis anterior?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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10
Q

What is the blood supply of tibialis anterior?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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11
Q

Which muscle is the strongest dorsiflexor?

A

Tibialis anterior

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12
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Lateral tibial condyle and medial surface of the tibia

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13
Q

What is the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Tendon splits into 4 and inserts onto the distal and middle phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

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14
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus? (2)

A
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot
  • Extension of the lateral 4 digits
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15
Q

What is the innervation of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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16
Q

What is the blood supply to extensor digitorum longus?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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17
Q

What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Medial surface of the fibular shaft

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18
Q

What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the big toe

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19
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus? (2)

A
  • Extension of the big toe
  • Dorsiflexion of the foot
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20
Q

What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Deep fibular nerve

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21
Q

What is the blood supply to extensor hallucis longus?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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22
Q

What is the cause of shin splits?

A

Microtrauma in the tibialis anterior and the periosteum of the tibia

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23
Q

What is the function of the lateral compartment of the leg? (2)

A
  • Eversion
  • Weak plantarflexion
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24
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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25
Q

What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Branches of the fibular artery

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26
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A
  • Fibularis longus
  • Fibularis brevis
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27
Q

What is the origin of fibularis longus?

A

Superior and lateral surface of the fibula and the lateral tibial condyle

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28
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis longus?

A

Tendon descends posterior to the lateral malleolus, under the foot and inserts onto the medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I

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29
Q

What is the action of fibularis longus? (2)

A
  • Eversion of the foot
  • Plantarflexion of the foot
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30
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

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31
Q

What is the blood supply of fibularis longus?

A

Branches of the fibular artery

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32
Q

What is the origin of fibularis brevis?

A

Inferolateral surface of fibular shaft

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33
Q

What is the insertion of fibularis brevis?

A

Tendon descends posterior to the lateral malleolus with fibularis longus, under the foot and inserts onto the 5th metatarsal

34
Q

What is the action of fibularis brevis?

A

Eversion of the foot

35
Q

What is the innervation of fibularis brevis?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

36
Q

What is the blood supply of fibularis brevis?

A

Branches of the fibular artery

37
Q

What injury causes foot drop?

A
  • A fracture in the neck of the fibula causing damage to the common fibular nerve
  • Can’t dorsiflex = foot drop
38
Q

What are the 2 categories of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial and deep

39
Q

What is the action of the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg? (3)

A
  • Plantarflexion of the foot
  • Flexion of the toes
  • Inversion of the foot
40
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg? (3)

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
41
Q

What is the common insertion of the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon which inserts onto the calcaneus

42
Q

What is the origin of gastrocnemius? (2)

A
  • Lateral head: lateral femoral condyle
  • Medial head: medial femoral condyle
43
Q

What is the insertion of gastrocnemius?

A

Onto the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

44
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

45
Q

What is the blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg? (2)

A
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Fibular artery
46
Q

What is the action of gastrocnemius? (2)

A
  • Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle joint
  • Flexion at the knee joint.
47
Q

What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

48
Q

What is the blood supply of gastrocnemius? (2)

A
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Fibular artery
49
Q

What is the origin of soleus?

A

Soleal line on the back of the tibia and the proximal fibula

50
Q

What is the insertion of soleus?

A

Onto the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

51
Q

What is the action of soleus?

A

Plantarflexion of the foot

52
Q

What is the innervation of soleus?

A

Tibial nerve

53
Q

What is the blood supply of soleus? (2)

A
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Fibular artery
54
Q

What is the origin of plantaris?

A

Lateral supracondylar line of the femur

55
Q

What is the action of plantaris? (2)

A

Contributes to plantarflexion at the ankle joint and flexion at the knee joint

56
Q

What is the innervation of plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve

57
Q

What is the blood supply of plantaris? (2)

A
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Fibular artery
58
Q

Which muscle compresses the veins during contraction to promote venous return?

A

Soleus

59
Q

What is the main action of the deep muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Flexion of the toes

60
Q

What are the muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg? (4)

A
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
  • Popliteus
61
Q

What is the origin of tibialis posterior?

A

Posterior surface and interosseous membrane of the tibia and fibula

62
Q

What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?

A

Tendon descends posterior to the medial malleolus and attaches to the plantar surfaces of the medial tarsal bones

63
Q

What is the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Sole of the foot

64
Q

What is the dorsal surface of the foot?

A

Top of the foot

65
Q

What is the action of tibialis posterior? (2)

A
  • Inversion of the foot
  • Plantarflexion of the foot
66
Q

What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve

67
Q

What is the blood supply of tibialis posterior? (2)

A
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Fibular artery
68
Q

What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Medial surface of the tibia

69
Q

What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Plantar surfaces of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

70
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexion of the lateral 4 digits

71
Q

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus?

A

Tibial nerve

72
Q

What is the blood supply of flexor digitorum longus? (2)

A
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Fibular artery
73
Q

What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Posterior surface of the fibula

74
Q

What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Plantar surface of distal phalanx of big toe

75
Q

What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Flexion of the big toe

76
Q

What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus?

A

Tibial nerve

77
Q

What is the blood supply of flexor hallucis longus? (2)

A
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Fibular artery
78
Q

What is the origin of popliteus?

A

Lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral meniscus of the knee joint

79
Q

What is the insertion of popliteus?

A

Proximal tibia

80
Q

What is the action of popliteus?

A

Lateral rotation of the femur relative to the tibia in order to ‘unlock’ the knee

81
Q

What is the innervation of popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve

82
Q

What is the blood supply of popliteus?

A

L2 Anatomy (4 decks)

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