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L2 Anatomy > Sem 2 Week 1: Anterior and Medial Thigh > Flashcards

Sem 2 Week 1: Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main action of the anterior compartment of the thigh? (2)

A
  • Extension of the leg at the knee joint
  • Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
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2
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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3
Q

What are the roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2 - L4

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4
Q

Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh? (7)

A
  • Iliacus and psoas major (iliopsoas)
  • Sartorius
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
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5
Q

What are the quadratus femoris muscles? (4)

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
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6
Q

What is the origin of iliacus?

A

Iliac fossa

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7
Q

What is the origin of psoas major?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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8
Q

What is the insertion of iliopsoas?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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9
Q

What is the action of iliopsoas?

A

Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint

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10
Q

What is the origin of rectus femoris? (2)

A
  • Anterior-inferior iliac spine
  • Superior lip of the acetabulum
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11
Q

What is the insertion of of rectus femoris?

A

Common insertion onto the patella via the quadriceps tendon with the other quadriceps femoris muscles

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12
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris? (2)

A
  • Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Extension of the leg at the knee joint
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13
Q

What is the origin of vastus lateralis? (2)

A
  • Greater trochanter of the femur
  • Lateral lip of linea aspera of the femur
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14
Q

What is the insertion of vastus lateralis?

A

Common insertion onto the patella via the quadriceps tendon with the other quadriceps femoris muscles

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15
Q

What is the action of vastus lateralis?

A

Extension of the leg at the knee joint

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16
Q

What is the function of all the vastus muscles?

A

Extension of the leg at the knee joint

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17
Q

What is the origin of vastus medialis? (2)

A
  • Intertrochanteric line
  • Medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur
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18
Q

What is the insertion of vastus medialis?

A

Common insertion onto the patella via the quadriceps tendon with the other quadriceps femoris muscles

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19
Q

What is the action of vastus medialis?

A

Extension of the leg at the knee joint

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20
Q

What is the origin of vastus intermedius?

A

Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femoral shaft

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21
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus intermedius?

A

Common insertion onto the patella via the quadriceps tendon with the other quadriceps femoris muscles

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22
Q

What is the common insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscles?

A

Onto the patella via the quadriceps tendon

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23
Q

What is the action of vastus intermedius?

A

Extension of the leg at the knee joint

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24
Q

What is the origin of sartorius?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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25
Q

What is the insertion of sartorius?

A

Superior medial surface of the tibia

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26
Q

What is the action of sartorius? (2)

A
  • Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
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27
Q

What is the main action of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adduction of the thigh

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28
Q

Which nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator

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29
Q

What are the roots of the obturator nerve?

A

L2 - L4

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30
Q

Which muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh? (6)

A
  • Obturator externus
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
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31
Q

What is the origin of gracilis?

A

Inferior pubic rami and body of the pubis

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32
Q

What is the insertion of gracilis?

A

Medial surface of the tibial shaft (near sartorius insertion)

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33
Q

What is the action of gracilis? (2)

A
  • Adduction of the thigh
  • Flexion of the leg at the knee
34
Q

What is the origin of pectineus?

A

Pectineal line of pubic bone

35
Q

What is the pectineal line of the pubic bone?

A

A ridge on the superior ramus of the pubis

36
Q

What is the insertion of pectineus?

A

Pectineal line on the posterior femur

37
Q

What is the action of pectineus? (2)

A
  • Adduction of the thigh
  • Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint
38
Q

What is the innervation of pectineus?

A

Femoral nerve

39
Q

What is the origin of adductor longus?

40
Q

What is the insertion of adductor longus?

A

Linea aspera of femur

41
Q

What is the action of adductor longus?

A

Adduction of the thigh

42
Q

What is the origin of adductor brevis?

A

Body of the pubis and inferior pubic rami

43
Q

What is the insertion of adductor brevis?

A

Linea aspera (above the insertion of adductor longus)

44
Q

What is the action of adductor brevis?

A

Adduction of the thigh

45
Q

What are the 2 parts of adductor magnus?

A
  • Adductor portion
  • Hamstring portion
46
Q

What is the origin of adductor magnus? (2)

A
  • Adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus
  • Hamstring portion: ischial tuberosity
47
Q

What is the insertion of adductor magnus? (2)

A
  • Adductor portion: linea aspera of the femur
  • Hamstring portion: adductor tubercle
48
Q

What is the adductor tubercle?

A

Bony prominence superior to the medial epicondyle of the femur

49
Q

What is the innervation of adductor magnus? (2)

A
  • Adductor portion: obturator nerve
  • Hamstring portion: sciatic nerve
50
Q

What is the action of adductor magnus? (4)

A
  • Adduction of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Medial rotation
  • Adductor portion: flexion of the thigh
  • Hamstring portion: extension of the thigh
51
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

Gap between the adductor and hamstring portions of adductor magnus

52
Q

What is the origin of obturator externus?

A

Obturator membrane on the obturator foramen

53
Q

What is the insertion of obturator externus?

A

Posterior aspect of the greater trochanter

54
Q

What is the action of obturator externus?

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

55
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve? (7)

A

Anterior compartment:
- Iliacus part of iliopsoas
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
- Sartorius
Medial compartment:
- Pectineus

56
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve? (5)

A

Medial compartment:
- Obturator externus
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor portion of adductor magnus
- Gracilis

57
Q

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle? (3)

A
  • Pectineus
  • Iliopsoas
  • Adductor longus
58
Q

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

59
Q

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

60
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal ligament? (2)

A
  • Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Pubic tubercle
61
Q

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus

62
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle lateral to medial? (4)

A
  • Femoral nerve
  • Femoral artery (profunda femoris branches off in the triangle)
  • Femoral vein (long saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein in the triangle)
  • Femoral canal
63
Q

What pneumonic can be used to remember the order of the contents of the femoral triangle lateral to medial?

A
  • NAVEL
  • Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty space (allows for veins and lymph vessels to distend), Lymph nodes
64
Q

What are the contents of the femoral canal?

A

Lymph nodes and vessels

65
Q

Where does the femoral artery come from?

A

Continuation of the external iliac artery (name changes as it crosses the inguinal ligament)

66
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

When part of the bowel pushes through into the femoral canal

67
Q

What is the main artery supplying the lower limb?

A

Femoral artery

68
Q

What are the 3 branches of profunda femoris?

A
  • Perforating branches
  • Lateral circumflex artery
  • Medial circumflex artery
69
Q

What do the perforating branches of profunda femoris supply?

A

Muscles in the medial and posterior thigh

70
Q

What does the lateral circumflex artery supply?

A

Muscles on the lateral aspect of the thigh

71
Q

What does the medial circumflex artery supply?

A

Head and neck of the femur

72
Q

What is the pathway of the femoral artery in the thigh? (4)

A
  • External iliac artery crosses the inguinal ligament and becomes the femoral artery
  • Enters the femoral triangle and gives off the profunda femoris branch
  • Femoral artery continues down the anterior thigh via the adductor canal
  • Exits the adductor canal via the adductor hiatus and becomes the popliteal artery
73
Q

Which blood vessel supplies the anterior thigh muscles?

A

Femoral artery

74
Q

Where does the obturator artery come from? (3)

A
  • Branches from the internal iliac artery
  • Enters the thigh via the obturator canal which is a small opening in the obturator membrane within the obturator foramen
  • Branches into the anterior and posterior branch
75
Q

What does the anterior branch of the obturator artery supply? (6)

A

(Medial thigh compartment)
- Pectineus
- Obturator externus
- Adductor muscles (longus, brevis, magnus)
- Gracilis

76
Q

What does the posterior branch of the obturator artery supply?

A

Some deep gluteal muscles

77
Q

What is the pes anserinus?

A

Attachment point on the medial tibia for sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus

78
Q

Which muscles insert onto the pes anserinus? (3)

A
  • Sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • Semitendinosus
79
Q

Where does the femoral nerve originate?

A

Lumbar plexus

80
Q

Where does the obturator nerve originate?

A

Lumbar plexus

L2 Anatomy (4 decks)

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