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L2 Anatomy > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve I? (3)

A
  • Olfactory mucosa
  • Cribriform plate (ethmoid bone)
  • Olfactory bulbs to tracts
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3
Q

Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve I?

A

Forebrain/cerebral hemisphere

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4
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve I?

A

Cribriform plate

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5
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve I?

A

Sensory - smell

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6
Q

What is cranial nerve II?

A

Optic nerve

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7
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve II? (3)

A
  • Ganglion cells in the retina
  • Leaves orbit via optic canal of sphenoid bone
  • Optic chiasm
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8
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve II?

A

Forebrain/diencephalon

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9
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve II?

A

Optic canal

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10
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve II?

A

Sensory - vision

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11
Q

What is cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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12
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve III? (3)

A
  • Arises from brainstem
  • Passes through cavernous sinus
  • Enters orbit via superior orbital fissure and divides into superior and inferior positions
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13
Q

Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve III?

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve III?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve III?

A

Motor - 4 extrinsic eye muscles, levator palpebrae superioris and pupillary sphincter

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16
Q

What is cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear nerve

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17
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve IV? (4)

A
  • Arises from brainstem
  • Goes through subarachnoid space
  • Pierces the dura to enter the cavernous sinus
  • Enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure
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18
Q

Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve IV?

A

Mibrain

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19
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve IV?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve IV?

A

Motor - superior oblique muscle

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21
Q

What is cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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22
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve? (3)

A
  • Ophthalmic
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular
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23
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve V? (2)

A
  • Arises from brainstem
  • Forms the trigeminal ganglion near the apex of the temporal bone before dividing into 3 divisions
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24
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve V?

A

Pons

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25
What is the exit point for cranial nerve V?
- Ophthalmic portion: superior orbital fissure - Maxillary portion: foramen rotundum - Mandibular portion: foramen ovale
26
What is the function of cranial nerve V?
- Ophthalmic portion: sensory (scalp, forehead, nose) - Maxillary portion: sensory (cheeks, lower eyelid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth and palate) - Mandibular portion: sensory (anterior 2/3 tongue, skin over mandible and lower teeth) and motor (muscle of mastication)
27
What is cranial nerve VI?
Abducens nerve
28
What is the pathway of cranial nerve VI?
- Junction between pons and medulla - Subarachnoid space - Pierces dura to enter cavernous sinus - Superior orbital fissure
29
What is the exit point of cranial nerve VI?
Superior orbital fissure
30
What is the function of cranial nerve VI?
Motor - lateral rectus muscle
31
Which cranial nerve causes strabismus (cross-eyed) when damaged?
Cranial nerve VI - abducens nerve
32
What is cranial nerve VII?
Facial nerve
33
What is the pathway of cranial nerve VII?
- Junction between pons and medulla - Internal acoustic meatus - Facial canal of temporal bone
34
Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve VII?
Junction between pons and medulla
35
What is the exit point of cranial nerve VII?
Internal acoustic meatus
36
What is the function of cranial nerve VII?
- Motor: muscles of facial expression, lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual and mucosal glands - Sensory: external ear and taste from anterior 2/3 tongue, hard and soft palate
37
Which cranial nerve causes Bell's palsy when damaged?
Cranial nerve VII - facial nerve
38
What is Bell's palsy? (2)
- Drooping on one side of the face - Different to a stroke because forehead also droops in Bell's palsy
39
What is cranial nerve VIII?
Vestibulocochlear nerve
40
What is the pathway of cranial nerve VIII? (2)
- Junction between pons and medulla - Internal acoustic meatus where it splits into vestibular and cochlear nerve
41
Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve VI?
Junction between pons and medulla
42
Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve VIII?
Junction between pons and medulla
43
What is the exit point of cranial nerve VIII?
Internal acoustic meatus
44
What is the function of cranial nerve VIII?
Sensory - hearing and balance
45
What is cranial nerve IX?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
46
What is the pathway of cranial nerve IX?
- Medulla - Posterior cranial fossa
47
Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve IX?
Medulla
48
What is the exit point of cranial nerve IX?
Jugular foramen
49
What is the function of cranial nerve IX?
Both: posterior 1/3 tongue, external ear, middle ear, carotid body, carotid sinus, parotid gland, motor to stylopharyngeus
50
What is cranial nerve X?
Vagus nerve
51
What is the pathway of cranial nerve X? (4)
- Medulla - Carotid sheath - Travels inferior to base of neck - Through thorax and oesophageal hiatus into abdomen
52
Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve X?
Medulla
53
What is the exit point of cranial nerve X?
Jugular foramen
54
What is the function of cranial nerve X?
- Motor: smooth muscle of pharynx, larynx and GIT - Sensory: external ear, larynx, pharynx, viscera, taste from epiglottis of tongue
55
What is cranial nerve XI?
Spinal accessory nerve
56
Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve XI?
Superior spinal cord
57
What is the exit point of cranial nerve XI?
Jugular foramen
58
What is the function of cranial nerve XI?
Motor - trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and viscera
59
What is cranial nerve XII?
Hypoglossal nerve
60
What is the pathway of cranial nerve XII?
Passes along posterior cranial fossa within the subarachnoid space
61
What is the exit point of cranial nerve XII?
Hypoglossal canal
62
What is the function of cranial nerve XII?
Motor - intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles
63
Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve VII?
Medulla
64
Which cranial nerves go through the optic canal?
III optic nerve
65
Which cranial nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?
- III oculomotor nerve - IV trochlear nerve - VI abducens nerve - Ophthalmic division of V trigeminal
66
Which cranial nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?
- VII facial nerve - VIII vestibulocochlear nerve
67
Which cranial nerves go through the jugular foramen?
- IX glossopharyngeal nerve - X vagus nerve - XI accessory nerve

L2 Anatomy (4 decks)

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