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L2 Anatomy > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve I? (3)

A
  • Olfactory mucosa
  • Cribriform plate (ethmoid bone)
  • Olfactory bulbs to tracts
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3
Q

Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve I?

A

Forebrain/cerebral hemisphere

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4
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve I?

A

Cribriform plate

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5
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve I?

A

Sensory - smell

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6
Q

What is cranial nerve II?

A

Optic nerve

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7
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve II? (3)

A
  • Ganglion cells in the retina
  • Leaves orbit via optic canal of sphenoid bone
  • Optic chiasm
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8
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve II?

A

Forebrain/diencephalon

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9
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve II?

A

Optic canal

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10
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve II?

A

Sensory - vision

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11
Q

What is cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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12
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve III? (3)

A
  • Arises from brainstem
  • Passes through cavernous sinus
  • Enters orbit via superior orbital fissure and divides into superior and inferior positions
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13
Q

Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve III?

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve III?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve III?

A

Motor - 4 extrinsic eye muscles, levator palpebrae superioris and pupillary sphincter

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16
Q

What is cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear nerve

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17
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve IV? (4)

A
  • Arises from brainstem
  • Goes through subarachnoid space
  • Pierces the dura to enter the cavernous sinus
  • Enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure
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18
Q

Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve IV?

A

Mibrain

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19
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve IV?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve IV?

A

Motor - superior oblique muscle

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21
Q

What is cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal nerve

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22
Q

What are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve? (3)

A
  • Ophthalmic
  • Maxillary
  • Mandibular
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23
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve V? (2)

A
  • Arises from brainstem
  • Forms the trigeminal ganglion near the apex of the temporal bone before dividing into 3 divisions
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24
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve V?

A

Pons

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25
Q

What is the exit point for cranial nerve V?

A
  • Ophthalmic portion: superior orbital fissure
  • Maxillary portion: foramen rotundum
  • Mandibular portion: foramen ovale
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26
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve V?

A
  • Ophthalmic portion: sensory (scalp, forehead, nose)
  • Maxillary portion: sensory (cheeks, lower eyelid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth and palate)
  • Mandibular portion: sensory (anterior 2/3 tongue, skin over mandible and lower teeth) and motor (muscle of mastication)
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27
Q

What is cranial nerve VI?

A

Abducens nerve

28
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve VI?

A
  • Junction between pons and medulla
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Pierces dura to enter cavernous sinus
  • Superior orbital fissure
29
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve VI?

A

Superior orbital fissure

30
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve VI?

A

Motor - lateral rectus muscle

31
Q

Which cranial nerve causes strabismus (cross-eyed) when damaged?

A

Cranial nerve VI - abducens nerve

32
Q

What is cranial nerve VII?

A

Facial nerve

33
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve VII?

A
  • Junction between pons and medulla
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Facial canal of temporal bone
34
Q

Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve VII?

A

Junction between pons and medulla

35
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve VII?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

36
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve VII?

A
  • Motor: muscles of facial expression, lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual and mucosal glands
  • Sensory: external ear and taste from anterior 2/3 tongue, hard and soft palate
37
Q

Which cranial nerve causes Bell’s palsy when damaged?

A

Cranial nerve VII - facial nerve

38
Q

What is Bell’s palsy? (2)

A
  • Drooping on one side of the face
  • Different to a stroke because forehead also droops in Bell’s palsy
39
Q

What is cranial nerve VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

40
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve VIII? (2)

A
  • Junction between pons and medulla
  • Internal acoustic meatus where it splits into vestibular and cochlear nerve
41
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve VI?

A

Junction between pons and medulla

42
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Junction between pons and medulla

43
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

44
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve VIII?

A

Sensory - hearing and balance

45
Q

What is cranial nerve IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

46
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve IX?

A
  • Medulla
  • Posterior cranial fossa
47
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve IX?

A

Medulla

48
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve IX?

A

Jugular foramen

49
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve IX?

A

Both: posterior 1/3 tongue, external ear, middle ear, carotid body, carotid sinus, parotid gland, motor to stylopharyngeus

50
Q

What is cranial nerve X?

A

Vagus nerve

51
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve X? (4)

A
  • Medulla
  • Carotid sheath
  • Travels inferior to base of neck
  • Through thorax and oesophageal hiatus into abdomen
52
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve X?

A

Medulla

53
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve X?

A

Jugular foramen

54
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve X?

A
  • Motor: smooth muscle of pharynx, larynx and GIT
  • Sensory: external ear, larynx, pharynx, viscera, taste from epiglottis of tongue
55
Q

What is cranial nerve XI?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

56
Q

Where are the nuclei of cranial nerve XI?

A

Superior spinal cord

57
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve XI?

A

Jugular foramen

58
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve XI?

A

Motor - trapezius, sternocleidomastoid and viscera

59
Q

What is cranial nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

60
Q

What is the pathway of cranial nerve XII?

A

Passes along posterior cranial fossa within the subarachnoid space

61
Q

What is the exit point of cranial nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal canal

62
Q

What is the function of cranial nerve XII?

A

Motor - intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

63
Q

Where are the nuclei for cranial nerve VII?

A

Medulla

64
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the optic canal?

A

III optic nerve

65
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?

A
  • III oculomotor nerve
  • IV trochlear nerve
  • VI abducens nerve
  • Ophthalmic division of V trigeminal
66
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?

A
  • VII facial nerve
  • VIII vestibulocochlear nerve
67
Q

Which cranial nerves go through the jugular foramen?

A
  • IX glossopharyngeal nerve
  • X vagus nerve
  • XI accessory nerve

L2 Anatomy (4 decks)

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