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L2 Anatomy > Sem 2 Week 2: Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Sem 2 Week 2: Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main action of the posterior compartment of the thigh? (2)

A
  • Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
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2
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh? (4)

A

Hamstrings:
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Hamstring portion of adductor magnus

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3
Q

What is the common hamstring origin?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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4
Q

Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve

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5
Q

What is the origin of biceps femoris? (2)

A
  • Long head: ischial tuberosity
  • Short head: linea aspera
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6
Q

What is the insertion of biceps femoris?

A

Head of the fibula

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7
Q

What is the action of biceps femoris? (3)

A
  • Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
  • Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Lateral rotation of the hip and knee
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8
Q

What is the innervation of biceps femoris? (2)

A
  • Long head: tibial division of the sciatic nerve
  • Short head: common fibular (peroneal) division of the sciatic nerve
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9
Q

What is the origin of semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

What is the insertion of semimembranosus?

A

Medial condyle of tibia

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11
Q

What is the action of semimembranosus?

A
  • Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
  • Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Medial rotation of the hip and knee
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12
Q

What is the innervation of semimembranosus?

A

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve

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13
Q

What is the origin of semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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14
Q

What is the insertion of semitendinosus?

A

Pes anserinus

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15
Q

What is the action of semitendinosus?

A
  • Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
  • Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Medial rotation of the hip and knee
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16
Q

What is the innervation of semitendinosus?

A

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve

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17
Q

What is the origin of adductor magnus? (2)

A
  • Adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus
  • Hamstring portion: ischial tuberosity
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18
Q

What is the insertion of adductor magnus? (2)

A
  • Adductor portion: linea aspera
  • Hamstring portion: adductor tubercle
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19
Q

What is the innervation of adductor magnus? (2)

A
  • Adductor portion: obturator nerve
  • Hamstring portion: tibial division of the sciatic nerve
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20
Q

What are the 2 categories of muscles in the gluteal region?

A

Superficial and deep

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21
Q

Where is the gluteal region?

A

From the iliac crest to the gluteal fold

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22
Q

What is the action of the muscles in the gluteal region? (3)

A
  • Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Abduction of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Lateral rotation at the hip joint
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23
Q

What is the action of the superficial gluteal muscles? (2)

A
  • Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
  • Abduction of the thigh at the hip joint
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24
Q

What is the action of the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Lateral rotation at the hip joint

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25
Q

What are the superficial gluteal muscles? (4)

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Tensor fascia lata
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26
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Main one is piriformis

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27
Q

What is the origin of tensor fascia lata?

A

Iliac crest

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28
Q

What is the insertion of tensor fascia lata?

A

Iliotibial (IT) band

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29
Q

What is the insertion of the iliotibial (IT) band?

A

Lateral condyle of the tibia

30
Q

What is the action of tensor fascia lata? (2)

A
  • Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation
  • Stabilises the knee and hip joints
31
Q

What is the innervation of tensor fascia lata?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

32
Q

What is the origin of gluteus maximus?

A

Gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium

33
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus maximus? (2)

A

IT band and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur

34
Q

What is the action of gluteus maximus?

A

Extension of the thigh at the hip joint

35
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

36
Q

What is the origin of gluteus medius?

A

Gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium

37
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus medius?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

38
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius? (2)

A
  • Abduction of the thigh
  • Medial rotation of the thigh
39
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

40
Q

What is the origin of gluteus minimus?

A

Gluteal surface of the ilium

41
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus minimus?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

42
Q

What is the action of gluteus minimus? (2)

A
  • Abduction of the thigh
  • Medial rotation of the thigh
43
Q

What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

44
Q

What is the origin of piriformis?

A

Anterior surface of the sacrum

45
Q

What is the insertion of piriformis?

A

Comes through the greater sciatic foramen to insert onto the greater trochanter of the femur

46
Q

What is the action of piriformis? (2)

A
  • Lateral rotation
  • Abduction
47
Q

What is the innervation of piriformis?

A

Nerve to piriformis

48
Q

What are the anatomical relations of piriformis? (3)

A
  • Comes through greater sciatic foramen
  • Superior gluteal nerve, artery and vein exit the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis
  • Inferior gluteal nerve, artery and vein exit the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
  • Sciatic nerve runs deep to piriformis and emerges from underneath it
49
Q

Where do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries come from?

A

Internal iliac artery

50
Q

Where do the superior and inferior gluteal nerves come from?

A

Sacral plexus

51
Q

Which ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen? (2)

A
  • Sacrospinous ligament
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
52
Q

What are the attachments of the sacrospinous ligament?

A

Sacrum to the ischial spine

53
Q

What are the attachments of the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

54
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the hip joint?

A
  • Iliofemoral ligament
  • Pubofemoral ligament
  • Ischiofemoral ligament
55
Q

Which is the strongest hip joint ligament?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

56
Q

Which is the weakest hip joint ligament?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

57
Q

What are the attachments of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine to the neck of the femur

58
Q

What are the attachments of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Superior pubic ramus to the neck of the femur

59
Q

What are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Body of the ischium to the greater trochanter of the femur (round the back)

60
Q

Why are the hip joint ligaments in a spiral orientation?

A

Allows them to loosen during flexion and tighten during extension which stabilises the hip joint

61
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the thigh at the hip joint

62
Q

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents excessive abduction and extension of the thigh at the hip joint

63
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the thigh at the hip joint

64
Q

What forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa? (2)

A

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

65
Q

What forms the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris

66
Q

What forms the inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Medial head of gastrocnemius

67
Q

What forms the inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Lateral head of gastrocnemius

68
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa medial to lateral? (4)

A
  • Popliteal artery (name change from femoral artery)
  • Popliteal vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
    (Sciatic nerve splits into tibial and common fibular nerve before the popliteal fossa)
69
Q

Where do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries come from?

A

Branch from the internal iliac artery

70
Q

What is the blood supply to the posterior thigh compartment? (2)

A
  • Perforating arteries which branch off from profunda femoris
  • Some supply from the inferior gluteal artery

L2 Anatomy (4 decks)

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