Sem 2- (6 week 1) Flashcards
Which of the following are characteristics of art from the Middle Ages, Renaissance or both? Match the art characteristic with the time period it should be associated with.
Linear perspective
Renaissance
Which of the following are characteristics of art from the Middle Ages, Renaissance or both? Match the art characteristic with the time period it should be associated with.
Two Dimension
Middle Ages
Which of the following are characteristics of art from the Middle Ages, Renaissance or both? Match the art characteristic with the time period it should be associated with.
Religious
Both
Which of the following are characteristics of art from the Middle Ages, Renaissance or both? Match the art characteristic with the time period it should be associated with.
Halos
Middle Ages
Which of the following are characteristics of art from the Middle Ages, Renaissance or both? Match the art characteristic with the time period it should be associated with.
Focus on ordinary people
Renaissance
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
Italy was located by the Mediterranean and exchanged information through sea trade.
Italy had access to ancient Greek and Roman art, literature and architecture.
The Pope in Rome developed the printing press and ideas spread through printing.
Trade routes converged in Italy and information was exchanged.
Italy had access to ancient Greek and Roman art, literature and architecture.
Humanists believe _____.
human kind should answer questions about the world with religious texts.
the Church has the answer to questions about human potential.
the world should not be questioned because there are no answers.
that questions about the world can be answered with reason.
that questions about the world can be answered with reason.
Humanist artists of the Renaissance focused their art on \_\_\_\_\_\_. creating mosiacs religious figures only dimension and perspective flat, two-dimensional figures
dimension and perspective
Which of the following statements best represents the Renaissance?
It was a time period of philosophical movement questioning the ideas about government.
It was a time period of rebirth for Greco-Roman art and philosophy.
It was a time period of expansion of European city-states and trade routes.
It was a time period of increases in scientific thinking based on the Church.
It was a time period of rebirth for Greco-Roman art and philosophy.
“A prince, therefore, need not necessarily have all the good qualities I mentioned above, but he should certainly appear to have them…he should not deviate from what is good, if that is possible, but he should know how to do evil, if that’s necessary.”
Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince
The quote above from Machiavell’s prince suggests that politicians during the Renaissance should be _____.
good leaders and lead by example
concerned with maintaining power if if that means harming others
harsh and only employ harsh tactics no matter what
concerned with the citizens before their own power
concerned with maintaining power if if that means harming others
Why was Italy an ideal location for the start of the Renaissance?
Italian merchants gained knowledge about philosophy during trade with the English.
Italy had access to classical Greece and Roman texts which were revived during the Renaissance.
Since the Pope was located in Italy, he supported artists, scientists, and philosophers questioning the world.
The Silk Road intersected with the Gold-Salt trade in Italy and ideas were exchanged.
Italy had access to classical Greece and Roman texts which were revived during the Renaissance.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the Scientific Revolution?
State funding of scientific experiments to further advance overseas exploration.
People looking for answers about the world outside of the Roman Catholic Church.
Scientists engaging in elaborate experiments to prove the geocentric theory.
Revival of Greco-Roman ideas about art and literature.
People looking for answers about the world outside of the Roman Catholic Church.
Why were reason and observation important in the Scientific Revolution?
They gave scientists a basis to make observations and conduct experiments.
Many previous cultures had used reason and observation rather than religions to explain any phenomenon and this was adopted by the Scientific Revolution.
Scientists used them in order to affirm beliefs about the world such as the geocentric theory.
They were important beliefs held by the Church and supported a way to conduct experiments.
They gave scientists a basis to make observations and conduct experiments.
The Scientific Revolution’s influence reached ______.
indigenous cultures who accepted ideas about the spread of disease
philosophers who employed the same empirical methods to question the world
bankers and merchants who adopted scientific methods to sell goods
church officials who accepted the heliocentric theory
philosophers who employed the same empirical methods to question the world
Heliocentric Theory of the universe
Copernicus
Proved the Heliocentric theory was correct
Galileo
Observed laws of motion
Isaac Newton
Conducted experiments on gasses and pressure
Robert Boyle
Which of the following institutions had a lot of power at the time of Luther's birth? Catholic Church Merchants and traders Protestant Church Nobles and peasants
Catholic Church
Which of the following innovations allowed Martin Luther to spread his ideas rapidly throughout Europe? The Reformation 95 Thesis The printing press Block printing
The printing press
One reason indulgences were sold was to raise money to _____.
support the growing peasant population in need.
create centers of scientific learning to prove Church teachings.
build an army to expand the Holy Roman Empire.
finance the Church’s spending and building projects
finance the Church’s spending and building projects
How was the Church able to gain so much wealth? patronage to the Pope selling confessions charitable donations levying taxes
levying taxes
How did the Pope react to Martin Luther’s 95 Theses?
excommunicated Martin Luther from the Catholic Church
met with Luther and negotiated reforms
eliminated corruption within the Church
immediately stopped selling indulgences
excommunicated Martin Luther from the Catholic Church
How is the Protestant Reformation related to the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution?
The authority of the Roman Catholic Church was questioned by all three.
New works of art based on classical artists were created.
All three changed the Catholic Church and created new religions.
Reason and logic was used to solve the problems within the Church.
The authority of the Roman Catholic Church was questioned by all three.
One political effect of Protestant Reformation was _____.
The Pope’s political influence spread overseas.
The Holy Roman Empire gained more authority.
France created a Protestant theocracy for its ruler.
England became protestant under Henry VIII.
England became protestant under Henry VIII.
An increase in literacy, more books available, information travelling farther can all be attributed to the \_\_\_\_\_\_. Reformation. Gutenberg Press. increase in trade. Renaissance.
Gutenberg Press.
Which of the following statements best describes the 95 Theses?
A demand for reform in the Catholic Church over their use of religious icons and use of Latin.
Grievances about the Catholic Church including the sale of indulgences and amount of wealth.
Statements declaring the Catholic Church abused power and the need for predestination.
Complaints about the abuses of the monarchy and the Pope to the peasantry and merchants.
Grievances about the Catholic Church including the sale of indulgences and amount of wealth.
During the Thirty Years War, both the Protestants and Catholics hoped to _____.
gain territory under their religion and stop the other from gaining territory.
expel the other religion from their territory by moving them to overseas colonies.
access trade routes to control and spread their religion through trade.
prevent followers from leaving their religion by providing monetary incentives to followers.
gain territory under their religion and stop the other from gaining territory.
How did the Roman Catholic Church react to the Protestant Reformation?
The Church decided to adapt to the requests of the people and become more like the Eastern Orthodoxy.
The Church had a series of meetings to discuss their practices and ended the sale of indulgences.
The Church changed practices to be more inclusive by allowing services in the vernacular and priests to marry.
The Pope ordered a meeting between Protestant and Catholic leaders and negotiated the Peace of Westphalia.
The Church had a series of meetings to discuss their practices and ended the sale of indulgences.
Excerpt from 95 Theses:
“Any truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without indulgence letters”
The excerpt above from Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis would support his argument that the_____.
Catholic Church was gaining wealth by selling forgiveness
Protestant Church should sell indulgence to fund its cause
church needed to preach in the common vernacular
Pope had too much wealth from heavy taxation
Catholic Church was gaining wealth by selling forgiveness
Which statement best describes the the impact of the Protestant Reformation on England?
After Henry VIII died, his daughter returned the country to Catholicism which lasted for another 150 years.
Protestants and Catholics began fighting over territory in Great Britain during the Thirty Years War which caused devastation in Britain.
England became Protestant under Henry VIII, returned to Catholicism for a brief time before settling for Protestantism under Elizabeth I.
There was political unrest and upheaval when Henry VIII established the Church of England causing dramatic inflation.
England became Protestant under Henry VIII, returned to Catholicism for a brief time before settling for Protestantism under Elizabeth I.
Martin Luther had many complaints about the Catholic Church including their practice of using the vernacular because it made it impossible for the commoner to be able to understand Church teachings.
True
False
False
King Henry VIII was similar to Martin Luther because he went against the Catholic Church however they were different because Henry VIII was motivated by politics rather than religion.
True
False
True
The fighting that took place between Protestants and Catholics during the Thirty Years War resulted in more autonomy for European countries.
True
False
True
Started a protestant religion that believed in predestination
John Calvin
Founder of the Jesuit Order
Ignatius of Loyola
Allowed German princes to determine the religion of their principality
Peace of Augsburg
Ended the Thirty years war and redrew the map of Europe
Peace of Westphlia
Based on the work of archeologists, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is considered that oldest of the Mesoamerican tribes. Olmec Aztec Maya Inca
Olmec
Which statement best describes the Columbian Exchange?
Trade between Spain and Portugal with Columbus as the leader.
This exchange helped to modernize the European countries.
An exchange of foods, animals, and diseases between the “Old World” and the “New World”
Columbians exchanged foods, animals, and diseases.
An exchange of foods, animals, and diseases between the “Old World” and the “New World”
Smallpox was detrimental to the indigenous people of the Americas, as they lacked \_\_\_\_\_ to the European diseases. immunity vaccines due to fear medical treatment physicians to treat
immunity
Mesoamerica was the site of the origination for the advanced civilizations of the era, why?
presence of buffalo as staple food source
terrain was flat and easy to build upon
climate was ideal for farming maize
fishing and all were close to fresh water
climate was ideal for farming maize
Chicken pox, cholera, yellow fever, influenza, measles, malaria, bubonic plague, leprosy, and the common cold originated in the New World (North and South America).
True
False
False
Horses and cattle originated in Europe.
True
False
True
The Jesuits were instrumental in the expansion of the Roman Catholic faith to the New World.
True
False
True
Match the explorer to their home country.
Louis Jolliette
France
Match the explorer to their home country.
Alver Nunez de Vaca
Spain
Match the explorer to their home country.
Prince Henry
Portugal
Choose the city or regions that best suits the Mesoamerican civilization associated with it.
Olmec
Mexico
Choose the city or regions that best suits the Mesoamerican civilization associated with it.
Aztec
Tenochtitlan
Choose the city or regions that best suits the Mesoamerican civilization associated with it.
Inca
Machu Picchu
Choose the city or regions that best suits the Mesoamerican civilization associated with it.
Maya
Chichen Itza
Although all of the following choices were crops of the New World, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_was not harvested with slave labor. potatoes cotton sugarcane tobacco
potatoes
Disease and death were common with the slave ships, all are considered causes for this except\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. insects overcrowding unsanitary conditions diet
insects
All of the reasons below were causes for the increased slave trade of the early 1800’s except, _________________.
lack of indentured servants from Europe
ship building innovation
well mapped sea routes
high mortality rate with Native American slaves
lack of indentured servants from Europe
Alpacas are indigenous to South America, why did the Europeans domesticate them outside of their homeland?
The alpaca fleece is prized for its soft and durable qualities.
Alpacas are easier to raise than sheep.
Alpaca wool is easily dyed.
Europeans tamed them for milk first, then their fur.
The alpaca fleece is prized for its soft and durable qualities.
Indentured servants and slaves were used extensively in the New World to supplement the labor force, which of the following is not true.
Indentured servants outnumbered slaves due to immigration.
Indentured servants were only bound to a set number of years to work for their passage to the New World.
Slavery became generational while indenture was not.
Slaves were used mostly on plantations, as the need for labor was greater in the southern colonies over the norrthern region.
Indentured servants outnumbered slaves due to immigration.
Malaria is a disease carried by vectors such as the mosquito. With the humid conditions of the West Indies, malaria was a result with many that worked in those conditions for long periods contracting the disease and death soon followed. Which statement is most accurate with malaria and slavery.
African slaves had a natural resisitance to malaria so they were sought after for these disease stricken areas.
Native Americans had been exposed to malaria for generations so suffered little from the disease.
Both Natives and African slaves died from the disease at an equal rate.
Europeans controlled the mosquito population to limit the disease.
African slaves had a natural resisitance to malaria so they were sought after for these disease stricken areas.
Slavery was not exclusive to the New World, which groups used slave labor in previous civilizations.
Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
Jews
Egypt and Bedouins
Western Europeans
Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
Today, scientists feel they are well versed in the ways of the ancient tribes of Mesoamerica because of the archeological findings and ______________.
ongoing research and discovery of artifacts.
written journals from the period by the tribes..
local oral histories are accurate.
witness accounts from European exploerers.
ongoing research and discovery of artifacts.
All of the following contributed to the end of the Atlantic Slave Trade except,
piracy taking over slave ships in record numbers.
economic factors.
moral indignation.
abolishment as an social issue.
piracy taking over slave ships in record numbers.
The earliest existence of irrigation in the New World was found to be used by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_tribe. Olmec Inca Lakota Maya
Olmec
The common factor among all of the Mesoamerican tribes was a religion that chose the Sun as a god and multiple deities, as they were polytheistic in nature. Maya expanded their beliefs to include lunar deities as well. Archeologists have reached this decision after having studied what?
Pyramid of the Moon
glyphs on cave walls
vast amounts of written text on the subject
the current presence of lunar worship in Central America.
Pyramid of the Moon
The plantation system was developed in multiple regions upon the discovery of the Americas. These large farms required a significant labor force to ensure crops were harvested and land was used to its potential. Why was this system not used in Europe?
Land grants/plots were smaller than the vast land of the Americas.
Soil was poorer in Europe than in the New World.
Innovation and technology was not sufficient in Europe for the large farms.
Water was scarce so farming was difficult in a planatation setting.
Land grants/plots were smaller than the vast land of the Americas.
The Christian Churches performed mass conversions in the New World, this was especially true of the Catholic Church from the earliest eras of exploration. England did not convert the natives to the Catholic faith, why?
England had founded the Anglican Church under Henry VIII.
The English respected the rights of the natives to their own religion.
England was only interested in bartering from the tribes.
There were too few English explorers to do so.
England had founded the Anglican Church under Henry VIII.
The potato is readily identified with the Irish, this is especially true with the Great Potato Famine and the many Irish recipes that use the potato as an ingredient. This is odd since the potato is a “New World” food, how did this Irish connection come to be?
The potato thrived in the rich soil found in Ireland.
Irish explorers brought the potato to their homeland.
Native tribes bartered the vegetable with Irish people in exhnage for wool.
The potato was similar to other Irish root crops so adopted quickly.
The potato thrived in the rich soil found in Ireland.
The Dutch and English were more involved in the slave trade than the Spanish, choose the reason that is most accurate for this lack of interest in the slave trade.
Spain had lost their navy in a battle with the English so limited in sea travel there after
The Catholic Church banned slavery in all forms.
Spanish rulers advocated for the abolishment of slavery.
Spain had no interest in cash crops via the plantation system.
Spain had lost their navy in a battle with the English so limited in sea travel there after
Mexican pyramids are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to their Egyptian pyramid counterparts found in Africa. similar exactly alike completely different much larger
similar
Scientists have decided that the earliest migrations from Asia to North America was via the Bering Straight. The Bering Strait is found in what is now Alaska and Russia. The early migrations chose not to settle in this area but continued south. Choose the best reason or reasons for this to have taken place.
Extreme climate and few stable food sources
curious about the new land
water was scarce in the northern regions
pursued by warring tribes
Extreme climate and few stable food sources
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, yet he sailed for Spain.This was not uncommon, as some Portuguese explorers sailed under a Spanish flag. Choose the following answer that best explains why this took place.
Spanish royals saw potential wealth and wanted to spread the Catholic faith into new lands.
Spain wanted to prove the world was round.
Spain needed new territory as they were losing land to Moors.
Portugal and Spain share common culture.
Spanish royals saw potential wealth and wanted to spread the Catholic faith into new lands.
Due to their new territorial acquisition, the Ottomans were able to thrive economically since they were able to control \_\_\_\_\_ between Europe and Asia. religious wars the Sultans land trade oceanic trade
land trade
How were the Ottomans able to conquer such a vast area of land?
Alliances with neighboring empires.
Exploration into the Americas.
Inherited land from the Abbasid Caliphate.
Use of cannons and Janissary armies.
Use of cannons and Janissary armies.
Who traditionally held the most political power in the Ottoman Empire? princes sultan vizier jinn
sultan
Which of the following was a cause of the Ottoman decline?
alliances and cooperation with neighboring empires
Ottoman Empire grew too large to administer
the sack Constantinople and renaming it Istanbul
religious wars between the Sunni & Shia
Ottoman Empire grew too large to administer
Which of the following had the largest impact on Ottoman art and architecture? Gunpowder Astronomy Islam Christianity
Islam
Where did the Safavid Empire originate from? Timurid Dynasty Seljuk Turks Abbasid Dynasty Ottoman Empire
Timurid Dynasty
Which of the following impacted the Safavid's military campaigns the most? use of Janissary armies use of military aircrafts use of cannons use of naval fleets
use of cannons
Why did the arts flourish under Shah Abbas’ rule?
Architecture already existed from previous empires.
The Shah paid for the development of the arts and architecture.
Most of the art and architecture was gifted from the Ottomans.
Shah Abbas was an architect and painter.
The Shah paid for the development of the arts and architecture.
How did Safavid culture impact other cultures?
Miniatures were used in the Ottoman and Mughal Empires.
Janissary armies in the Ottoman Empire.
Syncretism of Hindu and Muslim culture.
Widespread demand for goods such as silk and porcelain.
Miniatures were used in the Ottoman and Mughal Empires.
Which of the following had the largest influence over Safavid art and architecture design? politics religion economics astronomy
religion
Which of the following led to the rise of the Ottoman Empire?
land granted from Russian Empire
alliances with the Safavid and Mughal Empires
military expansion in Eastern Europe
revolution of the Young Turks
military expansion in Eastern Europe
Which of the following best describes how the Ottoman Empire impacted trade?
Istanbul became a major center of trade.
The Ottomans did not trade with other countries.
The Ottoman Empire controlled most of the world’s silver.
The Ottoman Empire primarily traded miniatures.
Istanbul became a major center of trade.
How did Islam impact the society in the gunpowder empires?
Only Muslims were required to serve in the army.
Islam required that all non-Muslims leave the empire.
Islam influenced art, architecture, and family roles.
Islam influenced only art.
Islam influenced art, architecture, and family roles.
How did religion influence the economy of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?
The jizya tax was placed on non-Muslims.
Only Muslims were taxed.
Only religious goods could be purchased.
The Empires only traded with other Muslim regions.
The jizya tax was placed on non-Muslims.
How did religion impact the line of succession in the Ottoman and Safavid Empires?
Political succession was clearly defined.
Political succession was unclear due the Islamic Schism.
Political succession was based on democracy.
Political succession was based on the oldest child, regardless of gender.
Political succession was unclear due the Islamic Schism.
How did the Mughal regard so many diverse cultures in their empire?
They rejected any non-Muslim culture.
They blended various cultures and beliefs of the region.
They adopted an entirely new culture.
They based their culture only on traditional Indian values.
They blended various cultures and beliefs of the region.
How did Islam influence art and architecture in the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?
Use of calligraphy in the Quran.
Building of palaces and use of marble.
Creation of heroic miniature paintings.
Building of mosques and avoidance of icons.
Building of mosques and avoidance of icons.
Where did the Safavid Empire originate? They emerged from the Timurid Empire. They emerged from the Ottoman Empire. They emerged from the Mughal Empire. They emerged from the Ming Dynasty.
They emerged from the Timurid Empire.
What military technologies and strategies did the Ottoman Empire primarily use?
Use of gunpowder and Janissary armies.
They required one male from every family to join the army.
Creation of a great wall
Use of cavalry and bows and arrows
Use of gunpowder and Janissary armies.
What military technology allowed the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires to siege cities? rifles horses bows and arrows cannons
cannons
How did the Safavid Empire impact art in the Ottoman and Mughal Empires?
Safavid porcelain was highly sought after.
Safavid calligraphy became the most popular style.
Safavid mosques influenced mosques in the Ottoman and Mughal Empires.
Safavid miniature paintings became popular in the Ottoman and Mughal Empires.
Safavid miniature paintings became popular in the Ottoman and Mughal Empires.
How were the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughal capable of controlling large empires?
Centralized administration and use of a bureaucracy.
Citizens were not allowed outside of the empires.
Citizens directly voted in government affairs.
Confucian philosophy defined social roles.
Centralized administration and use of a bureaucracy.
Which of the following was a cause of the Ottoman Empire's decline? invasions from the Safavid famine revolution widespread disease
revolution
Why did the Mughal Empire collapse?
They were constantly invaded from the North.
They were taken over by the British East India Company in 1858.
They were invaded and incorporated into the Ming Dynasty.
They death of the emperor led to civil war.
They were taken over by the British East India Company in 1858.
Which of the following caused a decline in the Safavid Empire? invasions and civil war plague and disease economic isolation crop failure and famine
invasions and civil war
a market with diverse goods
bazaar
a tax of non-muslims
jizya
a muslim mystic
Sufi
a non-muslim
dhimmi
How did the Ming Dynasty maintain effective administration? hereditary positions in government use of the jizya taxation system use of the civil service exam use of the Mandate of Heaven
use of the civil service exam
What were the most popular exports of the Ming Dynasty? coffee tobacco spices silk and porcelain
silk and porcelain
Why did the Ming control much of the world’s silver?
The Ming mined silver all over Asia.
The Ming only traded in silver.
Ming exports were purchased in silver and highly sought after.
The Ming controlled silver mines in the Americas.
Ming exports were purchased in silver and highly sought after.
How did Zheng He impact Ming economics?
The treasure fleets exported many Ming goods.
He forced all traders and merchants to convert to Islam.
He called for isolationist trading policies.
He spread Islam into Africa.
The treasure fleets exported many Ming goods.
Which of the following affected Ming diplomacy?
the continuation of the Great Wall of China
Zheng He’s voyages in the Indian Ocean
the developments on the Grand Canal
the Silk Road
Zheng He’s voyages in the Indian Ocean
Which of the following was a cause of the Ming Dynasty’s successful maintaining its territory?
The Grand Canal
Cavalry and bows and arrows
The Great Wall, gunpowder, superior naval technology
rifles and muskets
The Great Wall, gunpowder, superior naval technology
How did the Ming Dynasty pay for expansion of the empire? plundering cities taxation of citizens and trade trade with the Americas royal inheritance paid for expansion
taxation of citizens and trade
What was the purpose of the Forbidden City? government building religious shrine historical commemoration medical center
government building
How did the Ming dynasty recruit its military?
Each family sent one male or female member.
Each family sent one male member.
Soldiers were recruited from other regions.
Slaves were required to be soldiers.
Each family sent one male member.
What was the purpose of the Grand Canal?
protection from northern invaders
communication between the Ming and the Mughal
transportation of goods from East to West
transportation of goods from North to South
transportation of goods from North to South
How did the Ming improve the Grand Canal?
They created deep water locks.
They extended it into Manchuria.
They turned it into a hydroelectric dam.
They used it to transport immigrants.
They created deep water locks.
What did the Ming do to protect its Northern border?
Creation of the Grand Canal
Maintaining and extending the Great Wall
Military troops lined the empires borders.
Alliances with Northern territories
Maintaining and extending the Great Wall
How did the bubonic plague of the 14th century impact the Ming population? Population increased greatly Population slightly increased Population decreased slightly Population decreased by nearly 2/3rds
Population decreased by nearly 2/3rds
Which of the following best describes the decline of the Ming Dynasty?
Overthrown by the Mughals
Emperor’s son threw a coup d’etat
Rebellions caused by famine and crop failure
Natural disasters
Rebellions caused by famine and crop failure
How did the Ming Dynasty impact European culture?
Chinese cuisine became popular in Europe.
Chinese language became prominent in Europe.
Chinese goods were widely popularized in Europe.
Ming fashion was popularized in Europe.
Chinese goods were widely popularized in Europe.
massive ocean faring ships
junk
raises and lowers ships and water levels in the canals
deep water locks
extensive artificial river running North and South of the empire
Grand Canal
massive wall extending along the Northern border of the empire
Great Wall
