3 Flashcards
A strong feeling of support for one’s country or state.
Nationalism
Idea of a large powerful country controlling a smaller/weaker nation.
Imperialism
The idea of maintaining a strong or large military for a country.
Militarism
The idea of mobilizing an entire nation’s resources for war.
Total War
Before World War I, countries developed alliances with each other to protect themselves from bigger threats.
Alliance System
The Treaty of Versailles was considered a harsh peace, as Germany was subject to punitive measures for their part in the war. Which of the following was part of the peace accord but not punitive to the Germans?
free passage to the Dardanelles (a Turkish strait)
limited munitions buildup
reparations
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
free passage to the Dardanelles (a Turkish strait)
World War I introduced an innovative strategy to war known as trench warfare. This new approach had soldiers dig deep ditches and spend endless days and nights in those long trenches. Which of the following was not a cause for this new technique of fighting? war planes barbed wire machine gun use mustard gas
war planes
Wilson’s Fourteen Points addressed the immediate need for resolution from WWI, but also provided a tool for continued peace with ____________.
the League of Nations
Belgium being returned to sovereign state
Italy’s defined borders
end of Ottoman Empire
the League of Nations
Newspapers reported on the events of WWI with articles and photos of the battlegrounds. Some of the most memorable news clippings from WWI were neither of these things. They were political cartoons. What was the most significant appeal of political cartoons in shaping people’s perspective of the war?
Use of parody and satire to provide content.
Use of vibrant colors to enhance the reader’s experience
Artists ensured detialed accuracy of subjects.
The large number of cartoons available.
Use of parody and satire to provide content.
The Fourteen Points plan for peace had three distinctive sections, which of the following is the best example for each of those sections.
The establishment of free trade, restored Belgium and League of Nations.
Ensuring free access to the seas, free trade and the League of Nations.
The end of empires, loss of colonies and limit on weapons.
The demand for reparations, end of alliances and limited weapons for every nation.
The establishment of free trade, restored Belgium and League of Nations.
Revolutions are usually a direct result of the people of a nation not having needs met and living in conditions that do not allow for any existence beyond mere survival, as such which of the following was not a cause for the Russian Revolution.
The empathetic and sympathetic responses to the Russian people by Czarina Alexandria.
The Romanov family’s extravegant lifestyle and expensive habits duing the 1900’s.
The promise made by Lenin for “peace, bread and land” for all.
The high price paid to ensure Russian soldiers remained in WWI.
The empathetic and sympathetic responses to the Russian people by Czarina Alexandria.
"The Big Four" was composed of the leaders that were in charge of designing the peace terms after WWI, which of the following was not in that group? Kaiser Wilhelm II George Clemenceau David Lloyd George Vittorio Orlando
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Nationalism was a major cause of WWI, which of the following is not an example of nationalism from the WWI era? Creation of a Jewish soveriegn state The "Black Hand" The Young Turks Unified German nation
Creation of a Jewish soveriegn state
The many alliances that existed among the various European nations was a direct cause of the rapid escalation of the regional conflict becoming a global war. Which of the following organizations was not considered an alliance but was an organized group of united countries. League of Nations Triple Entente Triple Alliance Three Emperors League
League of Nations
The most accurate example of Wilson's 14th Point is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. United Nations House of Representatives Free Press Greenpeace
United Nations
The Germans threatened the safety and security of civilians with their use of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ during WWI. unrestricted sub warfare air bombings of major cities poisonous gas long range missles
unrestricted sub warfare
Airplanes were used to survey and observe the enemy prior to World War I. During World War I which of the following is the best evolution of the advanced use of planes in direct fighting?
Wright Brothers invented the plane, France added weapons to planes and Germany improving the accuracy/efficiency of the armed planes.
Wright Brothers sold patent to Germans who added guns to planes.
Germany invented planes with French military adding a shooter with their two person plane design then England adding a machine gun as the final design for the armed plane.
Planes were invented but not used as weapons unitl WWII.
Wright Brothers invented the plane, France added weapons to planes and Germany improving the accuracy/efficiency of the armed planes.
Which of the following was not a part of the Central Powers? Russia Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire
Russia
There were several secret alliances prior to the war. The Triple Entente and the Three Emperors League are two examples of those pacts among the European nations. After the war, Wilson chose to outlaw alliances as part of his peace plan. Why was Wilson against the alliance system?
The system was outdated with the League of Nations.
The US was not asked to join any accords.
The alliances escalated the war due to the secret pacts and alignments.
The alliances escalated the war due to the secret pacts and alignments.
Belgium is specifically named in Wilson’s Fourteen Points, why is that?
France and Belgium united prior to the war.
It was newly created from Germany’s lost lands.
Belgium had been invaded and occupied by Germany.
Belgium had been invaded and occupied by Germany.
Free trade is trade with little or no regulations and few, if any, taxes on the transfer of goods. Why do you think free trade was important to Wilson?
Both of these are accurate in regards to free trade.
Free trade enables each and every nation to make the most of their resources and products with no barriers.
Free trade encourages innovation.
Both of these are accurate in regards to free trade.
Wilson felt it was necessary to have a reduction in the military and to lower the number of arms for the assurance of international peace. The Treaty of Versailles did not align to this with all nations, only _____________ was required to reduce their amount of arms.
France
Germany
United States
Germany
Congress and the American people were not eager to accept the League of Nations, the last point of Wilson’s plan. The main reason for their negative response was the following?
The price to join was very high and unaffordable to the US.
Congress wanted to have the League of Nations under Congressional review.
The US would become even more involved with European affairs.
The US would become even more involved with European affairs.
Black Jack Pershing
Led AEF in World War I
James Flagg
Artist/Illustrator of WWI posters
Vittorio Orlando
Italian leader during WWI
Queen Victoria
Common relative in many European royal families
Rasputin
“Mad monk”
Alexi
Youngest member of Romanov Family
Duchess Sophie
Wife of Archduke Ferdinand
Princip
Black Hand’s assasin
Bolsheviks
Revolted agains Russian royal family
Wilhelm II
German Emperor
Which of the following led to World War I?
The Russian Revolution
Militarism, The Nazi Party, and The Stock Market Crash
Militarism, Alliance System, Nationalism, and Imperialism
Nationalism, Trench Warfare, and Airplanes
Militarism, Alliance System, Nationalism, and Imperialism
Which of the following led to trench warfare and high casualties in World War I? the atomic bomb battleships the machine gun jet airplanes
the machine gun
Wilson’s Fourteen Points speech identified reasons for war. Which of the following best resolves those issues?
universal freedom of speech, state religion and free enterprise globally
a unified world court, global trade commission, and unrestricted armaments.
arms limitations, trade regulations and confederation
the self dermination of ethnic groups, free access to trade and negotiation
the self dermination of ethnic groups, free access to trade and negotiation
The following nations asserted colonial powers within Europe, as well as worldwide. These nations established themselves as world powers by restraining the rights of other regions to self rule. The nations aligned and stood as one against the world with a rapid escalation of conflict due to their alliances.
Sweden, Mexico, and France
Germany, France, and Russia
Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire
Russia, Great Britain, and France
Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire
The Treaty of Versailles took its name from what person, place or event? The French president Versailles a German general. the battle of Versailles the town of Versailles
the town of Versailles
Although the Allied forces claimed victory in World War I, historians have come to see the war as one of attrition. Why is this the case?
There was an agreed upon cease fire.
One side had no more materials to make guns and munitions.
The League of Nations demanded a peace accord.
There was no major final battle.
One side had no more materials to make guns and munitions.
Which nation was blamed for starting World War I and forced to pay reparations to the Allied Powers? Great Britain The United States Germany France
Germany
What was a long term result of World War I?
a period of short economic boom followed by a world wide depression
a new war the next year allowed the US to be a major naval supplier to all European nations
the US borrowing vast amounts of money at high interest rates
Germany joining France to form a new nation
a period of short economic boom followed by a world wide depression
When a nation uses the majority of its budget to make weapons and asks civilians to grow their own food so commercial stores can be sent to soldiers abroad, and creates a universal draft to build its forces, this is called– profiteering. total war. militarism. blitzkrieg.
total war.
lavish wealth assassination related to Queen Victoria life threatening illness. The list above describes members of–
the Romanov family.
the Clemenceau family.
the Ottoman rulers.
the Wilson family.
the Romanov family.
Drought, overproduction of goods, and stock speculation were causes of what event? the Great Depression German inflation World War I the Treaty of Versailles
the Great Depression
What was the purpose of propaganda, used by both sides, during World War I?
It was used to generate funds, resources and support for the war effort.
It was the only funding source for most nations.
It helped to create a anti- war climate.
It served to educate the public on the war.
It was used to generate funds, resources and support for the war effort.
Many nations took democratic forms of government after World War I. What was the form of government of these new nations prior to the end of World War I?
Most of these were feudal kingdoms.
Most of these areas were colonial states of an empire.
Many were independent principalities.
Most were conquered provinces with a regent as ruler.
Most of these areas were colonial states of an empire.
This European country was invaded in order for Germany to attack France. Belgium Alsace Lorraine Armenia Normandy
Belgium
How did the victorious Allies deal with the Ottoman Empire after 1919?
The US was allowed to take areas within the Ottoman Empire as US territories.
The Mandate System allowed both France and England to oversee the newly independent regions from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
Ottomans were forced to pay high reparation to both England and France.
The Ottoman Empire was dissolved with their treasuries taken by the League of Nations.
The Mandate System allowed both France and England to oversee the newly independent regions from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
The Electoral College is the method by which the US chooses the President of the United States.
True
False
True
The leader of Great Britain during World War I was Winston Churchill.
True
False
False
The Russian Revolution of 1917 created the USSR.
True
False
True
Historians assert that the harsh peace of World War I was a direct cause for World War II.
True
False
True
The United States was forced into WWI due to Austrian naval attacks to commercial vessels.
True
False
False
The majority of citizens in the United States wanted to enter the world war to prove their strength to the world, but Wilson chose to delay the U.S.’s entry as long as possible.
True
False
False
General Pershing was the highest ranking officer from the US as leader of the AEF.
True
False
True
From the start of World War I, England had more troops in battle than France.
True
False
False
Roosevelt won his first term as president with promises of a more proactive federal approach to the economy.
True
False
True
Germany was considered the most militarily prepared of all the European nations prior to World War I.
True
False
True
Which of the following nations was NOT a fascist government in the 1930s? Germany Soviet Union Japan Italy
Soviet Union
Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany?
Germany had to except full blame for World War I.
Germany was not asked to pay reparations to the victorious nations.
Germany had to surrender overseas colonies.
The German military was to be limited.
Germany was not asked to pay reparations to the victorious nations.
The ideas of Adolf Hitler were immediately accepted by the German people.
True
False
False
Japan felt they had been treated unfairly by the Treaty of Versailles.
True
False
True
Which of the following is NOT on commonality between the three fascist countries.
All three countries had economic problems after World War I.
All three countries felt the Treaty of Versailles had treated them unfairly.
All three countries expanded their military’s.
All three countries invaded other countries within ten years of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.
All three countries invaded other countries within ten years of the signing of the Treaty of Versailles.
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic or achievement of Winston Churchill?
Churchill was Prime Minister during the victory in the Battle of Britain.
Churchill warned against the policy of appeasement towards Nazi expansion.
Churchill sent troops to help fight the Battle of Stalingrad.
Churchill coined the term Keep Calm and Carry On.
Churchill sent troops to help fight the Battle of Stalingrad.
Which of the following was a cause of the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor?
The US refused to negotiate with the Japanese Prime Minister.
Japan wanted to test out their new navy ships.
Germany asked Japanese to attack the navel base.
The US cut off the Japanese supply of oil.
The US cut off the Japanese supply of oil.
What was the effect of the German invasion of Poland in 1939?
The Soviet Union backed the Polish and declared war on Germany.
The British abandoned appeasement and declared war against Germany.
The US joined the Allied side of World War II.
Deportation of Jewish citizens stopped.
The British abandoned appeasement and declared war against Germany.
World War II was caused in part by the rise of fascist governments.
True
False
True
Fascism is an extreme left wing government.
True
False
False
Which of the following was NOT an effect of the German invasion of the Soviet Union?
The invasion convinced Britain to declare war on the Soviet Union.
Germany violated the non-aggression pact and declared war on the Soviet Union.
World War II in Europe opened up on two fronts.
The German army was finally stopped at the Battle of Stalingrad.
The invasion convinced Britain to declare war on the Soviet Union.
What role did Benito Mussolini play in World War II?
Mussolini allied with Germany and Japan to create the Axis powers.
Mussolini maintained a fascist form of government in Italy.
Mussolini invaded and conquered Ethiopia and Albania.
All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
An extreme right wing government.
Fascism
The nations of Britain, US, and Soviet Union in World War II.
Allied Nations
The nations of Italy, Germany, and Japan in World War II.
Axis Nations
A system of government that requires citizens to submit to the leader.
Totalitarianism
A night where Jewish businesses were destroyed and citizens were killed.
Kristallnacht
The Normandy landings–
caused a military stalemate.
started the process of retaking occupies France.
was fought by the nations of Britain, US, and Soviet Union.
was the turning point of World War II in Europe.
started the process of retaking occupies France.
Hideki Tojo was the Japanese naval commander during World War II.
True
False
False
Which of the following was an effect of the Holocaust?
Over six million Jews were murdered.
Jewish business, graveyards, and other sites were destroyed.
Jewish citizens were forced to live in ghettos.
All of the above are correct.
All of the above are correct.
Adolf Hitler had a solid plan to get Germany out of the depression in the 1920s and 1930s.
True
False
True
Which of the following was NOT done by Josef Stalin in World War II?
Stalin allowed freedom of speech against the war effort.
Stalin allied with Britain and the US even though he believed in communism.
Stalin was able to lead his troops to hold off the German advance at the Battle of Stalingrad.
Stalin imprisoned citizens who would not fight against the Germans.
Stalin allowed freedom of speech against the war effort.
The Treaty of Versailles was a main cause of World War II.
True
False
True
Anti-Semitism is the idea that citizens should support Jewish citizens and fight against the discrimination.
True
False
False
How did tensions in the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences lead to the Cold War? Give one reason from each conference.
Germany was split into four military zones, and Berlin was separated into four military zones, according to the Yalta Conference. Stalin violated the pledge to hold democratic elections in Eastern Europe, escalating the conflict. President Truman did not reveal the potency of the United States’ new weapon, the atomic bomb, at the Potsdam Conference.
Why was the communist takeover of China important to both the U.S. and Soviet Union? Give one reason for each country.
The communist conquest of China was significant for the Soviet Union because it demonstrated the expansion of communism and provided an ally. For the United States, China’s communism sparked fears, prompting us to intervene in the Korean and Vietnam conflicts to prevent communism from spreading.
Agree or disagree with the following statement.
Atomic weapons played a huge part in the Cold War. Give three reasons to back up your opinion.
I agree. The atomic bomb was the catalyst for the Cold War. When the USSR realized how powerful it was when it was deployed against Japan, they felt intimidated and wanted to build something stronger. In 1949, the Soviet Union acquired nuclear weapons. Following this, the United States and the Soviet Union launched a race/competition to develop larger and more powerful weapons. The nuclear weapons race was the primary cause of the Cold War.
Explain the role of Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev in ending the Cold War. Give at least two ways each leader helped end the Cold War.
Gorbachev began government reform by limiting the government’s authority and making it more transparent, as well as giving citizens a larger role than they had previously. He also ordered the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan. Reagan maintained the containment policy against the Soviet Union and expanded military spending in the United States. He also began work on a space missile defense system. These initiatives have increased the pressure on the Soviet Union to terminate the Cold War.
What role did Pope John Paul II play in ending the Cold War?
Pope John Paul II was the first non-Italian Pope in 400 years and the first Pope from Poland. Poland was governed by a communist regime. As Pope, he influenced the country’s administration.
Explain four reasons free-enterprise economies are more successful than communist economies.
People who work hard are rewarded by free enterprise. Everyone has the ability to improve their financial situation and that of their children.
People are motivated to work more under this system since they have more freedom. Because everyone gets the same thing in a communist economy, there is no incentive to work more. Everything is managed by the government, making it difficult to establish your own firm. A person in a free enterprise system has the option of working for someone else or starting their own business. New businesses generate new employment, which helps the economy thrive.
How did the Korean and Vietnam Wars affect the Cold War?
Both wars were fought to prevent communism from spreading. The USSR backed communists, and the US got engaged in conflicts in South Korea and South Vietnam to protect democracies. These two conflicts widened the chasm between the USSR and the US.
Which of the following was NOT a tactic used by Mohandas Gandhi? boycotting British goods shooting British military marching in protest hunger strikes
shooting British military
Apartheid was the belief that whites and blacks should be equal in South Africa.
True
False
False
All African countries won their independence by the 1980s.
True
False
False
Which of the following statements regarding Nelson Mandela is true?
Mandela often used violent tactics to fight against apartheid.
Mandela became president of South Africa.
Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years.
All of the above are true.
All of the above are true.
Following independence from the British, the territory remained one country.
True
False
False
Mohandas Gandhi is often called the “father of India.” Agree or disagree with the statement. Be sure to give two reasons to back up your opinion.
This is something I agree with. The fact that Mahatma Gandhi led India’s revolt against British tyranny is one explanation for this. Another reason is that he instilled certain principles in the Indian people while claiming that the revolution and struggle for independence would be peaceful. He exhibited protesting and boycotting in a nonviolent manner. He was the one who guided India to independence. He also influenced many leaders’ morality and approaches to nonviolent conflict resolution.
What role did Nelson Mandela play in ending apartheid in South Africa? Give two example of actions taken by Mandela.
Nelson Mandela was instrumental in the end of apartheid in South Africa. He achieved this in a variety of ways, including instructing the lower classes to effect change through strikes and protests. When he was detained while fighting for his freedom, he made a statement by demonstrating his strength and his belief that whites and blacks were equal. When he was released from prison, he resumed his battle, and the people he had coached continued it while he was in prison.
Mohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela had two different philosophies on how to rebel against an oppressor. Explain which method you think is best. Give three reasons to back up your opinion.
Gandhi’s tactics of fighting for independence against British rulers were purely nonviolent and solely peaceful demonstrations through protests, boycotts, and other means. Mandela’s techniques included protests, but these protests frequently turned violent, prompting the government to respond with violence. Gandhi’s way, I believe, was superior not just in the short term but also in the long run. One reason I feel this is that nonviolent demonstrations ensured that no one was hurt on either side and maintained a calm but effective struggle. Gandhi was never arrested as a result of the peaceful nature of the protests, and instead of being imprisoned, he was able to help others fight for freedom. Furthermore, he noted how “an eye for an eye merely blinds the globe.” This is an excellent summary of his reasons for remaining calm. These nonviolent, peaceful protests contributed to the creation of a justification for peace and freedom. Acts of violence would have been counterproductive. Furthermore, injuring one another would eventually result in anarchy rather than empowerment.
Why did Arab nations reject the state of Israel? Provide two reasons.
Because Israel was built on territory seized from Arab countries, Arab nations opposed the state of Israel. Furthermore, Arab nations rejected Israel since this area was regarded religiously sacred and significant to the Arab people, therefore the establishment of a new state there produced conflict between the United States and the Arab nations because the United States was meddling with their country.
Explain one war or event where Israel was attacked by Arab nations and explain Israel’s response to the attack.
Arab terrorists kidnapped and murdered 11 Israeli athletes during the Munich Olympics in Germany. In response to these assaults, Israel invaded Lebanon later. The nations’ war grew as a result of these back-and-forth battles.
What is the significance of the Camp David Accords, and how did this aid peace in the Middle East?
The Camp David Accords are notable since they were signed by Egypt’s president and Israel’s prime minister at the time. This agreement declared that the two areas pledged to maintain peace and resolve issues and disagreements in a peaceful manner. This helped to reduce Israel’s confrontation with Arab countries to some extent, while other Arab countries continued to fight Israel.
Describe two reasons for the development of Al-Qaeda.
Many Arab countries were enraged when the United States participated in the First Gulf War against Iraq. Furthermore, the United States had significant relations to Saudi Arabia, making them despised by Arab countries. Also, the conflict between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union had a part in the establishment of Al-Qaeda, as Osama Bin Laden created the organization after the war ended.
Do you agree or disagree with the way America responded to the September 11th attacks? Give three reasons to back up your opinion.
I agree with America’s response to the September 11 attacks, but I believe it could have been handled far better so that innocent individuals in the United States were not harmed as a result of Muslim and Arab people’s fear and anger. When making major choices like targeting a Muslim extremist organization, it was critical for leaders and administration to make it clear that the problem was not Muslims in general, but extremist groups in particular. Without these measures, Americans assaulted numerous Muslims, Arabs, and individuals who looked like them across the country. President Bush’s decision to launch a “War on Terror” is one I support. This made it possible for military operations to track down and kill Osama Bin Laden and other terrorists. This not only protected Americans against a similar assault in the future, but it also saved countless lives in other nations. America, too, reacted with courage, bravery, and pride in the face of these attacks. In his address, Bush emphasized the United States’ power, which was critical at such a critical moment. They also sent out swift evacuation teams to assist individuals fleeing the World Trade Center, which was crumbling. In general, I agree with the United States’ response to these attacks.
Las Madres de la Plaza was a group of mothers who fought for human rights in Mexico.
True
False
False
Which of the following in NOT an example of globalization?
McDonald’s opens a restaurant in Kuwait.
The United States buys products from China.
The European Union refuses to admit Turkey.
The economy in Greece collapses and US stock drop.
The European Union refuses to admit Turkey.
Which of the following is NOT a country where genocide occurred in the 20th century? Uruguay Cambodia Rwanda Argentina
Uruguay
The mass murders in Cambodia were perpetrated by which group? Hutus Khmer Rouge Invading Vietnamese The Chinese military
Khmer Rouge
The end of the Cold War was a reason for the increase in globalization.
True
False
True
Which of the following is an effect of globalization?
All Communist regimes were overthrown.
The United Nations was disbanded.
The US stock market crash after the 9/11 attacks.
The news of political uprisings in the Middle East spread in a matter of minutes.
The news of political uprisings in the Middle East spread in a matter of minutes.
Which of the following events stalled globalization in the 20th century? The Industrial Revolution World War II The collapse of the Soviet Union Decolonization
World War II
Globalization started before the 20th century.
True
False
True
Title??
Khmer Rouge is in power
Vietnamese and Chinese citizens are murdered
Forced labor and an agrarian society
Which of the following is the best title for the bullets above?
Political Genocide in China
Reasons for Ethnic Genocide in Rwanda
Politically Motivated Mass Murder in Cambodia
Effects of Democratic Leaders in Asia
Politically Motivated Mass Murder in Cambodia
Which of the following is NOT a reason for the genocide in Rwanda?
The Hutu’s control of the government in the 1990s.
Tutsi citizens were discriminated against because of their lighter skin
Effects of decolonization caused racial tensions between the two main racial groups.
A military regime controlled by the Tutsis took control.
A military regime controlled by the Tutsis took control.
Human Rights are rights people must earn.
True
False
False
Genocide is the deliberate killing of religious group.
True
False
False
‘Never again’ is the rallying cry for all who believe that mankind must speak out against genocide. Jon Corzine
Which of the following groups would agree with the quote above?
Khmer Rouge
Las Madres de la Plaza
Hutu Rebels
The African National Congress
Las Madres de la Plaza
Which of the following is a social effect of 20th century globalization?
Airplane travel has become cheaper and easier.
Stock markets around the world are more interconnected.
The Industrial Revolution spread machinery around the world.
Social media allows people from around the world to connect instantly.
Social media allows people from around the world to connect instantly.
Mohandas Gandhi fought against genocide in India.
True
False
False
