Sem 1- 6 week (1) Flashcards by celine obeid

Which of the following is NOT an example of domestication of animals by early humans?

Pigs were herded and bred as a food source.
Horses were tamed in order to aid in transportation.
Sheep were herded and bred as a source of food and clothing.
Cattle were bred in order to assist with the planting process.

Horses were tamed in order to aid in transportation.

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Which of the following BEST describes the impact of agriculture on human development?

Through the domestication of animals, humans were able to take their natural place in the food chain.
Agriculture allowed humans to move from their origins in Africa to eventually occupy the entire world.
The development of agriculture directly led to advancements in warfare and empire building.
Since agriculture gave humans a constant food source, they were able to spend more time developing other areas of culture.

Since agriculture gave humans a constant food source, they were able to spend more time developing other areas of culture.

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A person who studies human beings and their ancestors

Anthropologist

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A person who studies past human life and activities by studying the bones, tools, etc., of ancient people

Archaeologist

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A member of a group of people who move from place to place instead of living in one place all the time

Nomads

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A period of time before writing occured

Pre-History

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The first known time period of human culture

Stone-Age

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Grouping members of a community by a particular skill or trait

Specialization

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Which of the following is NOT an example of culture found in early humans before the Neolithic Revolution?

Early humans created a specialized civilization in which people had specific roles.
At some point, early humans began to bury their dead with tools for an afterlife.
Early humans moved on a regular basis in search of food.
Early humans lived in familial packs for most of their lives.

Early humans created a specialized civilization in which people had specific roles.

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In your own words, define the term pre-history.

Before the invention of writing, there was a period of time known as prehistory.

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Identify the part of the world where humans are believed to have originated and describe the significance of “Lucy.”

Lucy is from East Asia. Donald Johanson discovered part of a skeleton, now known as “Lucy,” while studying in Ethiopia. Archaeologists were able to determine how far back in history life can be traced because to this discovery.

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Describe at least three characteristics of the lifestyle that humans lived before civilizations.

Humans used to hunt animals for food, harvest plants to eat, and never stay in one spot for very long before civilizations.

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Identify and describe the two innovations that sparked the Neolithic Revolution.

The Neolithic revolution was initiated by agriculture and the domestication of plants and animals.

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Describe the importance of writing in the advancement of civilizations.

Humans were able to discuss their ideas about what should happen to supplies and economics thanks to the invention of writing.

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Identify and describe at least two characteristics of a civilization.

For an ordered government, social class was developed to distinguish the leader and workforce. Writing allows leaders to discuss their civilization’s economics.

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How did the development of agriculture lead to the development of civilizations?

Humans were able to stay in one area and create civilizations as well as food after learning how to grow and collect food.

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Describe how the Neolithic Revolution led to specialization.

People were divided into farmers who grew the food and warriors who protected the farmers and food as agriculture flourished, resulting in varied skills in each duty.

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Describe the process that early humans used to make tools.

The term “Stone Age” comes from the fact that early humans used stone to make tools.

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Based on your readings and study about the Neolithic Revolution and rise of civilizations, write a paragraph explaining the role that economics played in driving the changes in human life that occurred during this period.

During the Neolithic Revolution, economics played a significant role in the question of what to do with the supplies generated and collected by the civilizations’ people. It also contributed to the development of the first form of writing, cuneiform. Language and government would not be as evolved as they are today if economic concerns were not addressed.

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The success of Egyptian civilization was largely due to the Nile River
True
False

True

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The Indus Valley Civilization owes its success to the Huang He (Yellow) River.
True
False

False

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The Neolithic Revolution impacted the development of the River Valley Civilizations by creating hunters and gathers.
True
False

False

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Match the civilization with its advancement or accomplishment.
Egypt

heiroglyphics

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Match the civilization with its advancement or accomplishment.
Indus

development of grid-like cities

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Match the civilization with its advancement or accomplishment. China

oracle bones

Match the civilization with its advancement or accomplishment. Mesopotamia

Hammurabi's Code

Egypt's theocracy allowed _____. - the pharoah to control religion and government - the priest to lead the festivals to celebrate the floods - for the continuous leadership of the pharoah - the priest to control the religious festivals

-the pharoah to control religion and government

Hammurabi's Code shows the development of _____. - governments' legal interaction with their people - the king's code for weights for equal trading - religious laws - Hammurabi to change the social hierarchy

-governments' legal interaction with their people

Which of the following statements CORRECTLY identifies the religion with its roots in an Ancient River Valley Civilization? - Hinduism sprang from the historical events and cultural influences that began in the Indus River Valley Civilization. - Judaism spread from the book called the Old Testament within the Mesopotamian civilization. - Islam rose from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and spread to the Middle East. - Buddhism spread from the ideas of the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II.

-Hinduism sprang from the historical events and cultural influences that began in the Indus River Valley Civilization.

``` Under the rule of _____, Babylon made most of its significant impacts. Ramses II Darius the Great Alexander the Great T'ang ```

Darius the Great

Which of the following BEST describes the impact of Hammurabi's Code? - It led to the widespread codification of laws today. - It led to the modern-day practice of free speech. - It led to a widespread use of the concept of "mercy." - It led to the death penalty as punishment for crimes.

It led to the widespread codification of laws today.

Ramses II rose to power and fame in Egypt by ____. - freeing the Jews - his military conquests - building the largest cities of any of the ancient civilizations - using the Mandate of Heaven

his military conquests

Match the architectural characteristic with the corresponding civilization. The Hanging Gardens

Babylon

Match the architectural characteristic with the corresponding civilization. The Great Ziggurat of Ur

Sumer

Match the architectural characteristic with the corresponding civilization. Ishtar's Gate

Babylon

Match the architectural characteristic with the corresponding civilization. Pyramids

Egypt

Match the advancement with the corresponding civilization. | Hammurabi's Code

Babylon

Match the advancement with the corresponding civilization. | Hieroglyphics

Egypt

Match the advancement with the corresponding civilization. | 365-day calendar

Egypt

The Indus River Valley Civilization encompassed parts of what three present-day countries? - Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia - India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh - Iran, Iraq, and Egypt - India, Bangladesh, and Iraq

India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh

The Indus River Valley Civilization has been the focus of archaeologists for over 250 years. True False

False

Which of the following describes an advancement made by the Indus River Valley Civilization? - This civilization built large pyramid structures to honor their dead leaders. - Indoor plumbing carried human waste from the inside of the home, down the streets, and to a common waste area for the city. - Hieroglyphics allowed these people to become the first civilization to record their history. - This civilization brought us the religion known today as Islam.

Indoor plumbing carried human waste from the inside of the home, down the streets, and to a common waste area for the city.

The Indus River Valley Civilization was the first to use pottery. True False

True

The religion of Hinduism has roots in the Indus River Valley Civilization. True False

True

``` The civilization that settled the island of Crete and developed the first system of writing, referred to as Linear A, was the _____. Carthagenian civilization Minoan civilization Persian civilization Macedonian civilization ```

Minoan civilization

``` The physical geography of the region made it difficult for Greeks to _____. farm trade develop writing form city-states ```

farm

``` A ______ is a political unit made up of the citizens of a self-governed, autonomous city-state. oligarchy monarchy polis tyranny ```

polis

``` Athens was considered a _____. oligarchy tyranny monarchy direct democracy ```

direct democracy

a form of democracy in which the people decide on policy initiatives directly

direct democracy

a person (such as a king or queen) who rules a kingdom or empire

monarch

a form of government that is both a republic and a democracy, in which the power resides with the citizens and policy is made by elected officials

democratic republic

a form of government where the decisions are controlled by a small group of people

oligarchy

language that was first developed by the Minoan civilization

Linear A

language that was developed by the Mycenaean civilization

Linear B

considered one of the great artistic and philosophical hubs of the ancient world

Athens

a city-state founded on militaristic ideals

Sparta

Greek civilization that was occupied by the Persians, leading to rebellion

Ionia

The success of Ancient Greece as a civilization is a result of its access to the Aegean and Ionian Seas. True False

True

Socrates ultimately chose not to escape. He believed that escape would be a betrayal of Athenian laws. He drank the poison and died. True False

True

Which of the following best describes the Greco-Persian Wars? - a 100-year war fought between Athens and Persia - a 50-year war fought between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states - a war fought between Sparta and Athens - a war fought between Persia and Alexander the Great

a 50-year war fought between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states

``` _____ is often described as a great political leader, who led Athens to become a democratic model city-state. Plato Socrates Pericles Herodotus ```

Pericles

``` One of Plato's greatest contributions was _____. the library the Agora the Academy the Parthenon ```

the Academy

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Mycenaean civilization? - They conquered the Minoan civilization. - The created an early civilization that spread throughout the Aegean Sea. - They were the first civilization to practice direct democracy. - They created a writing system called Linear B.

They were the first civilization to practice direct democracy.

Which of the following BEST describes an impact that the Greek city-state model had on the ideas of modern government? - The Spartan practice of a small number of people making most of the decisions led to the federalization of the modern American government. - Sparta created the idea of a monarchy, which was copied by many civilizations throughout history. - The practices shown in the Athenian direct democracy played a role in the creation of the American system as a democratic republic. - Athenian rulers grew so powerful and corrupt that they became an example for future generations to argue for the decentralization of power.

The practices shown in the Athenian direct democracy played a role in the creation of the American system as a democratic republic.

What role did the geography of Greece play in its development? - The mountainous characteristics of the region led to isolated civilizations with independent ideals and a loose connection to each other. - The rough terrain discouraged foreign invaders and prevented any type of attack. - The ease of travel in the region led to constant interaction and a strong sense of common Grecian ideals. - The ease of access to various seas led to prolonged travel and hindered the civilizations cultural development.

The mountainous characteristics of the region led to isolated civilizations with independent ideals and a loose connection to each other.

Known as "The Father of History"

Herodotus

The first famous Greek philosopher

Socrates

The student of Socrates who founded one of the first universities

Plato

First to record the steps of the scientific method

Aristotle

Athenian leader who made it a more democratic society

Pericles

Persian leader who was defeated at the Battle of Salamis

Xerxes

A form of democracy in which people directly decide on policies

Direct Democracy

One person (King or Queen) who rules an empire

Monarch

Democratic form that is both republic and democracy in which power resides with the citizens, and elected officials decide policy

Democratic Republic

Decisions are controlled by a small group of people

Oligarchy

A poem, traditionally attributed to Homer, during the Trojan War

Iliad

Greek city-state or society characterized by a sense of community

Polis

``` Philip II and, later, Alexander the Great used a successful military formation referred to as _____. phalanx stoa garrison mercenary ```

phalanx

``` The expansion of Alexander's empire also promoted the spread of Greek culture. The spread of Greek culture during this time period is known as _____. Classicalism Imperialism Hellenism Renaissance ```

Hellenism

Which of the following statements BEST describes an effect of Alexander the Great's death? - Alexander's Empire was divided between rival generals. - Alexander's Empire quickly fell to the Egyptian Empire. - Alexander's Empire remained undivided under Ptolemy. - Alexander's Empire continued to grow and control most of Africa.

Alexander's Empire was divided between rival generals.

``` Alexander's personal tutor and friend was _____. Plato Euclid Aristotle Archimedes ```

Aristotle

Which of the following does NOT describe Philip II? - He conquered the Persian Empire. - He was held captive by the Thebans. - He successfully subdued the Thracians. - He mastered the Macedonian Phalanx.

He conquered the Persian Empire.

Which of the following BEST describes Alexander's empire before his death? - His empire was a melting pot of different cultures that all blended together. - His empire rose from the ashes of the Roman civilization, which had come before him. - His empire stretched from Macedonia to modern day China. - His empire consisted of enslaved people who were all forced into labor within this oppressive society.

His empire was a melting pot of different cultures that all blended together.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the effect of Alexander the Great's death? - The empire was divided between rival generals. - The empire remained undivided under Ptolemy. - The empire continued to grow and control most of Africa. - The empire quickly fell to the Egyptian Empire.

The empire was divided between rival generals.

Greek mathmatician who helped greeks defeat the Romans

Archimedes