Sellman

Question 1

What is social cognition?

Answer 1

Our ability to predict, monitor abd interpret the behaviours and mental states of others.

Question 2

What do children understand about others?

Answer 2

Meltzoff and Moore found newborns less than 72 hours old could imitate an experimenters facial gestures and manual gestures.
Carpenter found infants have an ability to understand intentions of others, it was found that 1 year olds reliably followed a gaze and pointing gesture to distant objects.

Question 3

Stage theory of perspective taking.

Answer 3

Selman believes that the ability to understand the perspectives of others enables children and adults to negotiate more effectively and resolve inter personal conflicts. Selman presented children with various social dilemans involving conflicting feelings.Children were asked questions about the dilema. From this Selman developed a five stage model to describe the developmet of perspective taking based on age and maturity level.

Question 4

Relation to deception ?

Answer 4

Selamn suggested an outcome of perspective taking comes the ability to decieve. Deception involves the ability of a child to plant a false belief in someone elses mind.Usually the age of three.

Question 5

What are the five stages of perspective taking?

Answer 5

-Undifferentiated perspective taking
-Social infomational perspective taking
-Self reflective perspective taking
-Mutual perspective taking
-Societal perspective taking.

Question 6

What is Holly’s dilema?

Answer 6

Holly’s dilema is a story that selamns research presented to children aout a girl who fell out of a tree and promised her father never to climb trees again. She then sees a kitten stuck in a tree and must decide if she should break the promise or not.

Question 7

What is Undiffrentated perspective taking (stage 0)

Answer 7

Ages 3-6. They do not recognise that others have feelings,ideas or views different to thier own.

Question 8

What is social infomational perspective taking (stage 1)?

Answer 8

Ages 6-8. Young children begin to realise aht others might have different feelings or views than their own but can’t consider what these might be epecially if those views or feelings are in opposition.

Question 9

What is self reflective perspective taking (stage 2)?

Answer 9

Ages 8-10. Child can put themeslves in theposition of another.And full appreciate their perspective .

Question 10

What is mutual role-taking (stage 3)?

Answer 10

Ages 10-12. Children are now able to look at a situation from their own and anothers point of view at the same time.