self part 2

Question 1

Possible Selves Definition

Answer 1

the images we have, or can construct, of the other possible ways we might be

Question 2

Possible future selves may affect goals

Answer 2

Who you think you will be or what role you will have may influence the goals you set

Question 3

What is the evidence that it affects mate preferences?

Answer 3

People who were asked to imagine themselves as married with children and working as a homemaker preferred mates who were older and could provide for them (consistent with what women typically report, so women may be more likely to perceive homemaker as a future possible self than men).

Question 4

How do we want future selves that fulfill the needs for self-esteem, competence, and meaning?

Answer 4

People want their future self to be similar to how they are now (we want continuity of identity).

Question 5

Ideal self

Answer 5

-view of what you could be at your best

Discrepancy leads to depression because of disappointment at failing to achieve rewards

Question 6

Ought self

Answer 6

-view of what you should be

Discrepancy leads to anxiety because of fear of not avoiding punishment

Question 7

A hallmark of mental health

The Declarative Self: Accurate Self-Knowledge

Answer 7

people who are healthy, secure, and wise enough to see the world as it is tend to see themselves more accurately too;
accurate self-knowledge allows people to make better decisions on important issues

Question 8

What is the Process for gaining accurate self-knowledge?

Answer 8

based on assumption that we learn about ourselves in the same way that we learn about others

Question 9

Realistic Accuracy Model

Answer 9

relevance, availability, detection, utilization

Question 10

Who knows our behavior better? Us or others?

Answer 10

Others know our behaviors better than we do
People tend to think that others would behave the same way that they did, and therefore they do not learn as much about how their behaviors differ from others and are related to their personality.
But time may put our own behavior in perspective because when people think about behaviors in the past, they are more likely to see their pattern of behavior and how it differs from others

Question 11

Introspection

*Improving Self Knowledge

Answer 11

look into your own mind and understand who you are; honestly evaluate your behavior

Question 12

Seek feedback

*Improving Self Knowledge

Answer 12

especially helpful for aspects that are obvious to everyone but you; either through direct feedback or from reading subtle, nonverbal indicators of what people think of you

Question 13

Observe own behavior

*Improving Self Knowledge

Answer 13

put yourself in different situations, try new things, and meet new people. This can be limited by where you live (small town), and family or culture (if self-expression is not encouraged)

Question 14

Define The Procedural Self

Answer 14

patterns of behavior that are characteristic of an individual; the unique aspects of what you do; includes ways of doing things, or procedures

Question 15

Is the procedural self conscious?

Answer 15

Not conscious and not possible to explain to others

Learned by doing and watching others

Question 16

Relational self-schema

Answer 16

self-knowledge based on past experiences that directs how we relate to the important people in our lives
-Deeply ingrained and difficult to change, probably because they are set early in life

Question 17

Define The Procedural Self: Implicit Selves

Answer 17

self-relevant behavioral patterns that are not readily accessible to consciousness
Includes the relational self

Question 18

What is implicit self measured with?

Answer 18

Measure with the Implicit Association Test (IAT):

by testing the strength of associations in an individual’s cognitive system that the person might not be conscious of

Question 19

Self-esteem

*implicit self

Answer 19

People with high implicit self-esteem respond more quickly when “me” and “good” are paired than when “me” and “bad” are paired
Predicts responses to success and failure
Only weakly related to declarative self-esteem

Question 20

Narcissism

*implicit self

Answer 20

implicit self-esteem is lower than explicit

Question 21

Shyness

*implicit self

Answer 21

Implicit and declarative self-esteem predict behavior differently
declarative predicts controlled behavior (speech, gestures), and implicit predicts spontaneous behavior (facial expressions, body movements)

Question 22

Implications of implicit self?

*implicit self

Answer 22

We have attitudes and feelings about many things of which we are not entirely aware, but this influences our emotions and behaviors

Question 23

Conscious self-consciousness

Answer 23

awareness of who one is and what one is doing; the traditional view

Question 24

Negative implications of Conscious self-consciousness?

Answer 24

: overly focused on the self, especially during social interactions

Question 25

How is Acquiring and changing procedural knowledge done?

Answer 25

Practice and feedback are necessary

Have experiences that are different from the current procedural knowledge

Question 26

How Many Selves?

Answer 26

Some theorists think each person has many declarative and procedural selves

Question 27

The concept of the self…

Answer 27

is likely to have different implications in different cultures

Question 28

When you describe yourself as hard-working and friendly, you are describing the…

Answer 28

declarative self.

Question 29

The procedural self…

Answer 29

predicts behavior differently from what is predicted by the declarative self.