Existential, humanistic & positive psych

Question 1

What was Rogers and Maslow’s view?

Answer 1

Optimistic Humanism

Question 2

What were Rogers and Maslow’s beginning assumptions?

Answer 2

Began with existential assumptions
Phenomenology is central
People have free will

Question 3

What is another crucial idea Rogers and Maslow added?

Answer 3

People are basically good: they seek to relate closely with one another and they have an innate need to improve themselves and the world
There is no proof for this assumption

Question 4

What is Self-Actualization?

Answer 4

People have one basic tendency and striving—to actualize, maintain, and enhance their own experience (i.e., growth)

Question 5

What is Phenomenal field?

Answer 5

the entire panorama of conscious experience

How a person can be understood

Question 6

What is Actualization?

Answer 6

need to maintain and enhance life

Goal of existence is to satisfy this need

Question 7

What is the basic assumption of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 7

: the ultimate need or motive is to self-actualize

-Only active when the more basic needs have been met

Question 8

What is the Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 8

how human motivation is characterized

1) -Basic needs (food water)
2) - Safety, security, comfort, sex
3) -Belonging, social activity
4) - Status, esteem
5) -Self-actualization

Question 9

Definition of The Fully Functioning Person?

Answer 9

someone who perceives the world accurately and without neurotic distortion and takes responsibility for his or her choices
Face the world without fear, self-doubt, or neurotic defenses
Life is rich in emotion and self-discovery
Importance of unconditional positive regard
Conditions of worth
-Limit your freedom to act and think

Question 10

Personal constructs (Kelly)

Answer 10

bipolar dimensions along which people or objects can be arranged
Based on how one’s cognitive system assembles various construals of the world
Help to determine how new experiences are construed

Question 11

What are Chronically assessable constructs?

Answer 11

those that are more easily brought to mind

-An individual difference

Question 12

What are Sources of constructs?

Answer 12

Your chosen interpretation of past experiences

Question 13

What is Sociality corollary?

Answer 13

understanding another person means understanding his or her personal construct system

Question 14

Constructive alternativism?

Answer 14

any pattern of experience can lead to numerous construals

Your personal reality is constructed in your mind

Question 15

What are the implications of Constructive alternativism for science?

Answer 15

Scientific paradigms are frameworks for construing the meaning of data
Researchers choose which paradigm to use
Important to be aware that other paradigms are equally plausible

Question 16

Construct and reality

Answer 16

Your personal reality is constructed in your mind: you can choose to reconstruct it differently
Researchers choose which paradigm to use: and therefore what to focus on (and ignore)

Question 17

Maximizing and Satisficing

Answer 17

satisficers are happier, more optimistic, and more satisfied; maximizers are prone to perfectionism, depression, and regret

Question 18

What is an Optimal experience?

Answer 18

how to make the most of your moment-to-moment experience

Question 19

Autotelic activities

Answer 19

enjoyable for their own sake

Question 20

Flow (Csikszentmihalyi)

Answer 20

the subjective experience of an autotelic activity

Question 21

What is Flow is characterized by?

Answer 21

Tremendous concentration, total lack of distractibility, and thoughts concerning only the activity at hand
Mood that is slightly elevated
Time seems to pass very quickly

Question 22

When does Flow arise?

Answer 22

when the challenges of an activity match a person’s skills

Question 23

What is the secret for enhancing your quality of life?

Answer 23

: spend as much time in flow as possible

But flow is solitary

Question 24

Is stress always bad?

Answer 24

Stress is not always bad

Without stress, life would be boring and meaningless

Question 25

How do people seek to avoid stress?

Answer 25

by developing a conformist lifestyle;

Likely to lead to existential psychological pathology and a false sense of self

Question 26

Vegetativeness

Answer 26

: the person feels that nothing has meaning and becomes listless and aimless

Question 27

Nihilism?

Answer 27

experience is dominated by anger, disgust, and cynicism

Question 28

extreme thrills

Answer 28

Only extreme thrills garner one’s full attention and distract from deep feelings of meaninglessness
can lead to promiscuous sex, drug use, etc.; purpose is to conceal the emptiness of life

Question 29

Hardiness (Maddi)

Answer 29

a lifestyle that embraces rather than avoids potential sources of stress
A cure for bad faith
Related to happiness and adjustment

Question 30

How can stress be good?

Answer 30

Stressful and challenging experiences can bring learning, growth, and wisdom
Important for giving meaning to life