processes part 2 Flashcards
Judgment goals
seeking to judge or validate an attribute about oneself
development goals
desire to improve oneself
Lead to different outcomes: academic example and response to failure
judgement goals and developmental goals
The balance of the goals differs across people.
Can change over time and across situations
Lead to different outcomes: mastery orientation (from developmental goals; trying harder after failing) and helplessness (from judgment goals; giving up after failing)v
What are young goals?
preparation for the future
Old (70+) goals?
emotional well-being
What can traits produce?
Traits can produce characteristic adaptations, or generalized scripts
What can The same strategy can result in?
The same strategy can result in different behavior patterns
What can Different traits lead to?
Different traits can lead to the same strategies (wanting to get ahead and get along may both lead to making lots of friends (but for different purposes)
Defensive pessimism
(assume the worst will happen, and use this to motivate goal-seeking behavior) vs. optimism (assuming that the best will happen)
Facts about Defensive pessimism
Coping, performance, and success are similar to optimists
Find relief when the worst outcome doesn’t happen
Some consistency across situations
Advantages and disadvantages to both strategies (but optimists are generally happier)
Basic stages of emotion (experience)
appraisal (judging a stimulus as emotionally relevant), physical responses, facial expressions, nonverbal behavior, motives (to perform a behavior based on the emotion)
-Complex mixture of thought, physical sensations and motivations
What is the order of the stages?
Stages can happen at the same time or in a different order (physical responses may come before appraisal; our body responds before we know why
Possible sources of stages?
immediate stimuli, classical conditioning, memories, and thoughts
Core emotions
happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust; have basically the same meaning and means of expression across cultures
Some emotions may be universal because they were evolutionarily advantageous
It may be advantageous to be able to perceive these emotions accurately in others
Circumplex figure
What are core aspects of personality?
Individual Differences in Emotional Life
Three components of happiness
Overall satisfaction with life
Satisfaction with particular life domains
Generally high levels of positive emotion and low levels of negative emotion
*The conception of happiness can vary with age
Individual set point
*Source 1 of happiness
makes happiness moderately stable over time; genetically influenced and based partly on extraversion and neuroticism
Objective life circumstances
*Source 2 of happiness
income, education, marital status
What the individual does (intentional activity)
*Source 3 of happiness
: being optimistic, making time for things that matter, working on important life goals, protecting health, working hard at one’s career, building successful relationships
Happiness may also be a cause of important outcomes b/c
health, occupational success, supportive relationships, confidence, likeability, sociability, energy level, improved immune function, pain tolerance, and overall physical health.
Happiness is related to effective functioning in broad areas:
decision making, professional accomplishment, social support, less drug use
What is a person who is sensitive to rejection likely to think?
People who are sensitive to rejection are more likely to think that a partner is rejecting them.
Conscious thought…
can happen at the same time as unconscious thought.
People are motivated,,,
to achieve their goals
