self management 3

Question 1

personality disorder

Answer 1

A personality disorder is a way of thinking,
feeling and behaving that deviates from worldly
expectations and causes distress, which lasts
over time.

Question 2

Cluster A: Suspicious

Answer 2

People falling under this cluster always mistrust others
and are suspicious, even when there is no need to do
so.

Question 3

disorders under suspicious

Answer 3

• Paranoid personality disorder: Paranoid
  personality disorder is characterised by distrust
  for others, including friends, family members
  and partners. People with such a disorder mostly
  hold grudges against others.
• Schizoid personality disorder: The term
  ‘schizoid’ refers to the natural tendency to direct
  attention toward one’s inner life away from the
  external world. A person with schizoid personality
  disorder is detached and aloof, and prone to
  introspection and fantasy. The person shows
  little interest in forming personal relationships
  and seems to be emotionally cold.
• Schizotypal personality disorder: People with
  this type of personality disorder believe that they
  can influence other people or events with their
  thoughts. They often misinterpret behaviours.
  This causes them to have inappropriate emotional
  responses. They may consistently avoid having
  intimate relationships.

Question 4

Cluster B: Emotional and impulsive

Answer 4

This personality disorder is characterised by unstable
moods and behaviours, which lead to unhealthy and
unstable relationships, emotional instability and feeling
of worthlessness.

Question 5

Disorders under Cluster B: Emotional and impulsive

Answer 5

• Antisocial personality disorder: People with
  antisocial personality disorder disregard social
  rules and obligations.They are irritating and
  aggressive, and act impulsively. They tend to lack
  guilt and fail to learn from experience. They may
  lie, steal or abuse, and may also get addicted to
  alcohol or drugs.
• Borderline personality disorder: People with
  borderline personality disorder essentially lack a
  sense of self-worth, and thus, experience feelings
  of emptiness and fears of abandonment. There is a pattern of emotional instability, violent outbursts
  and impulsive behaviour. Suicidal threats and
  acts of self harm are common in people with such
  a personality disorder. They may have difficulty
  in dealing with stressful events.
• Histrionic personality disorder: People with
  histrionic personality disorder frequently try to
  gain more attention by being overly dramatic. They
  are extremely sensitive to criticism or disapproval,
  and can be easily influenced by others.
• Narcissistic personality disorder: People with
  narcissistic personality disorder believe that
  they are more important than others. They lack
  empathy for other people and tend to exaggerate
  their own achievements.

Question 6

Cluster C: Anxious

Answer 6

This personality disorder is characterised by feelings of
worry, anxiety or fear, which have the potential to affect
one’s daily routine.

Question 7

Disorders under Clsuter C : Anxious

Answer 7

• Avoidant personality disorder: People with this
  type of disorder are socially inept, unappealing or
  inferior, and constantly fear being embarrassed,
  criticised or rejected. They avoid meeting others
  and often experience feelings of inadequacy,
  inferiority or unattractiveness.
• Dependent personality disorder: People with
  such a disorder are characterised by lack
  of self-confidence and an extra need to be
  looked after. They are
  heavily dependent on other people for their
  emotional and physical needs, and thus,
  usually, avoid being alone.
• Obsessive‑compulsive personality disorder:
  People with such a disorder strongly stick to
  rules and regulations. They can be characterised
  by a general pattern of excessive concern with
  orderliness, perfectionism and attention to details.

Question 8

Steps to overcome personality disorders

Answer 8

• Talk to someone. Most often, it helps
  to share your feelings.
• Look after your physical health. A healthy body
  can help you maintain a healthy mind.
• Build confidence in your ability to handle
  difficult situations.
• Engage in hobbies, such as music, dance and
  painting. These have a therapeutic effect.
• Stay positive by choosing words like ‘challenges’
  instead of ‘problems’