Self-determination theory Flashcards
What does the transtheoretical model (TTM) do?
Provides a framework for categorising a person’s readiness to change their behaviour.
What are the 5 stages of the TTM?
1 - Pre-contemplation phase
2 - Contemplation stage
3 - Preparation stage
4 - Penultimate action stage
5 - Maintenance stage
Describe the pre-contemplation stage of the TTM
Individuals are physically inactive and are not thinking about becoming more active within the next 6 months.
Describe the contemplation stage of the TTM
They think about becoming more active within the next 6 months
Describe the preparation stage of the TTM
Individuals are engaging in some physical activity
Describe the penultimate action stage of the TTM
Individuals have been regularly active for less than 6 months
Describe the maintenance stage of the TTM
Characterised by an individual having sustained regular physical activity for more than 6 months
Motivation regulations - what are the 4 ‘types of motivation’, in order from the highest to lowest motivation levels?
Intrinsic
Identified
Introjected
External
Amotivation
What is high quality motivation referred to as?
Autonomous
What is low quality motivation referred to as?
Controlled
What is the relationship between autonomous motivation and physical activity level?
Autonomous motivation positively associates with higher levels of physical activity
What are the 3 Basic psychological needs?
- Autonomy
o Personal control and volition
o Choice and voice - Competence
o Feel efficacious. - Relatedness
o Feel connected and cared for
How can autonomous needs be supported?
- Asking questions
- Opportunities for input and choice
- Acceptance of feelings and perspectives
- Provides rationale
How can autonomous needs be thwarted?
- Offer rewards to do something
- Complete an activity for someone
- Uses controlling language
- Interrupts inappropriately
How can competence needs be supported?
- Provide praise/bring attention to strengths
- Focus on solutions
- Positive and energetic approach
- Acknowledge effort
How can competence needs be thwarted?
- Making fun of someone
- Punishing a mistake
- Focus on past
- Focus on problems
How can relatedness needs be supported?
- Friendly, relaxed, positive
- Introduce people
- Relatable
- Engaging with everyone
How can relatedness needs be thwarted?
- Cold, unfriendly style
- Focus only on those engaged
- Only talk to people during activity
- Restricts interaction
Define the ‘social environment’
‘The immediate social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops. It includes the culture and that the individual was educated or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact’.
What are key elements to an autonomy supportive environment?
- Promotes choice and understanding
- Provides rationale
- Input into decision making
- Considers the individual’s POV
What are key elements to an autonomy controlling environment?
- Exerts pressure and is coercive
- Limits choice
- Negative conditional regard (e.g., withdrawing attention from a player who needs it)
- Devalues the individual’s perspective
Who is the social environment created by?
The interpersonal behaviours of individuals within a particular context
How would you test for the ‘quality of motivation towards physical activity?’
Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire
How would you test for ‘Minutes of walking, and moderate and vigorous
physical activity per week?’
International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
