Self-confidence and Self-efficacy Flashcards
What is confidence?
How sure you are of your judgement (self-esteem)
What is the self-validation theory?
Confidence serves as a magnifier of our thought
What is the difference between self-confidence and self-esteem?
Self-confidence is how SURE you are of something, whereas self-esteem is someone’s sense of self-worth/personal value
What is the relationship between CONFIDENCE and COMPETENCE?
Confidence cannot overcome a lack of Competence.
What is Overconfidence?
Where confidence exceeds skill level.
What is self-efficacy?
Situation specific self-confidence
Why is self-efficacy important?
Behaviour patterns - choice of activities, effort, persistence.
Related to Goal Setting.
Thought Patterns - worry + attribution
Task specific - can also generalise to other similar skills/situations.
What are the 6 sources of self-efficacy?
Performance accomplishments’
Vicarious experiences
Verbal persuasion
Emotional arousal
Imaginal Experiences
Physiological states
What is ‘performance accomplishments’ and why is it important?
- Based on mastery experiences
- There is a positive and reciprocal relationship between performance accomplishments and self-efficacy.
What is ‘vicarious experiences’ and why is it important?
- Demonstrating/modelling
- Helps to learn new skills (important when observer has never performed task)
- Modelling (4 stage process (ARMM))
What are the 4 stages of modelling (vicarious experiences)?
o Attention (focus, key points, repeat observations)
o Retention (Mental practise, say key points out loud)
o Motor reproduction (Physical practise & imagery)
o Motivation (May depend on who’s demonstrating)
Effectiveness of modelling process can be affected by type of model (e.g., age, gender, skill level).
What is ‘Verbal persuasion’ and why is it important?
- Techniques - evaluative feedback and self-talk
- Can increase enjoyment, reduce or enhance effort
- Not as strong source as PA or VE (difficult to instil strong self-efficacy through persuasion alone).
- Effectiveness depends on how reputable source is.
How do ‘Physiological states’ influence self-efficacy?
- Perceptions people have over their physiological states.
- When states are associated with low performance = lower self efficacy
- If same states are perceived as facilitative = enhanced self-efficacy
- Not intensity of physiological state but interpretation.
What are ‘Imaginal Experiences’?
- Imagining themselves or others behaving effectively/ineffectively in situations.
- See and feel oneself demonstrating competency.
- If vivid enough, can be a form of performance accomplishment
- Useful if behaviour hasn’t previously been performed.
What are ‘Emotional States’?
- Not simply product of physiological arousal.
- When emotions and moods are associated with poor performance = lower self-efficacy (anxiety)
- If emotional states are perceived as facilitative = self-efficacy enhanced
- Feeling in the right state of mind
How are SE and SC most commonly tested?
Questionnaires
What is a common measure of Sports Confidence?
Trait Sports Confidence Inventory (TSCI)
Name the 7 different things that can influence confidence.
- Gender
- Actual ability
- How long you have been playing
- Memories/recent performances
- Standard of teammates
- Response bias
- Most confident person you know
What are some things that can increase performance accomplishment effectiveness?
Bigger effect on SE
– Greater perceived task difficulty (person or others)
– Something others can do
– Something that is reinforced from others
* Smaller effect on SE
– Longer duration of being able to achieve it
– Something considered easy by others
– Something thought be achieved by external factors (e.g.,
luck) rather than ability
What are some things that can increase vicarious experience effectiveness?
Experience/ability of the model
* Similar: “if they can do surely I can too?!”
* Similar/poorer: “but they can do it and I can’t so I must be rubbish…”
* More experienced/better ability: can sometimes show person how to do it/make it look easier than it is
– Nature of the activity will likely influence this
