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CPP- Final (3rd yr) > Self-Care: Dr. Aveena Woods > Flashcards

Self-Care: Dr. Aveena Woods Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacist’s Role in Self-Managed Health:

A

Utilizing wellness practices like lifestyle adjustments, vitamins, exercise, and diet for health management. For sickness, using nonprescription medications, home diagnostics, etc.

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2
Q

Pharmacist’s Role

A

Providing guidance, expertise, and recommendations when individuals manage their health without seeking professional advice.

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3
Q

Non-Prescription Medications

A

OTC

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4
Q

Regulation by FDA

A

Oversight by the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, ensuring standards in purity, stability, labeling, and safety versus risk.

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5
Q

: Dietary Supplements

A

Inclusion of vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, natural products, homeopathic remedies, under nutritional dietary supplements.

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6
Q

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

A

Encompassing practices such as natural remedies and therapies used alongside or instead of conventional medicine

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7
Q

Pain

A

OTC medications for pain relief like acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin.

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8
Q

Cough/Cold/Flu/Sore Throat

A

OTC remedies for symptoms related to cold, flu, cough, or sore throat.

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9
Q

Allergy/Sinus Problems

A

OTC medications for allergy or sinus-related issues such as antihistamines or decongestants.

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10
Q

Heartburn, Indigestion

A

OTC solutions for heartburn or indigestion like antacids or acid reducers.

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11
Q

Constipation/Diarrhea/Gas

A

OTC medications for digestive issues like laxatives, anti-diarrheals, or gas-relief products.

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12
Q

Minor Infections

A

: OTC treatments for minor infections or wounds such as antiseptics or antibiotic ointments.

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13
Q

Skin Problems:

A

OTC solutions for skin-related problems like itching, rashes, or minor burns.

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14
Q

Rashes

A

First-aid measures and limitations in managing skin rashes. Non-pharmacological treatments may involve topical ointments, cool compresses, or avoiding irritants.

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15
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

First-aid measures and exceptions in addressing hemorrhoids. Non-pharmacological treatments might include dietary changes or sitz baths.

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16
Q

incontinence

A

First-aid approaches and limitations for managing incontinence. Non-pharmacological treatments might involve pelvic floor exercises or lifestyle adjustments.

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17
Q

Fatigue/Drowsiness

A

Addressing fatigue or drowsiness with considerations and exceptions. Non-pharmacological treatments may include sleep hygiene practices or stress management.

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18
Q

Insomnia

A

First-aid measures and limitations for managing insomnia. Non-pharmacological treatments could involve cognitive behavioral therapy or sleep hygiene techniques.

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19
Q

: Eye/Ear Disorders

A

Addressing eye or ear issues with some exceptions. Non-pharmacological treatments might include warm compresses or ear irrigation.

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20
Q

Acne

A

First-aid strategies and limitations for managing acne. Non-pharmacological treatments could involve topical applications or dietary adjustments.

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21
Q

Warts

A

Addressing warts with considerations and exceptions. Non-pharmacological treatments might include salicylic acid or cryotherapy.

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22
Q

Nicotine Addiction

A

Addressing nicotine addiction with limitations. Non-pharmacological treatments might include behavioral therapies or support groups.

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23
Q

Always Include Non-Pharmacological Treatments

A

Emphasizing the integration of non-drug therapies alongside or as alternatives to pharmacological interventions for these health concerns.

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24
Q

Benefit: Risk Ratio

A

Evaluating the balance between the benefits and risks associated with a medication in determining its prescription status.

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25
Q

Potential for Abuse/Misuse

A

Considering the likelihood of a medication being misused or abused as a factor in its prescription status.

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26
Q

No Routine Exams or Labs

A

Assessing the necessity for regular medical examinations or laboratory tests when using the medication.

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27
Q

Patient’s Ability to Self-Diagnose/Recognize Symptom

A

Considering if patients can accurately identify symptoms or conditions without medical supervision.

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28
Q

Potential for Self-Treatment of the Condition

A

: Evaluating whether the condition can be effectively managed by patients without prescription intervention.

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29
Q

Impact of Condition on Medication’s Status

A

Acknowledging that both the condition being treated and the medication itself can influence its prescription status.

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30
Q

Extensive Medication Availability

A

Wide range of medications accessible across various outlets.

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31
Q

Confusing Brand Names

A

Similar or confusing brand names for different products, such as Motrin and Advil, causing confusion for consumers.

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32
Q

: Multiple Names for One Product

A

Various names or formulations for the same medication, leading to potential misunderstanding or duplication.

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33
Q

One Name for Several Formulations

A

Example: Bayer, Tylenol, Robitussin—having one brand name for multiple formulations or products.

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34
Q

Challenges Reading and Understanding Labels

A

Difficulty in comprehending medication labels, leading to potential misuse or misunderstanding.

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35
Q

Delay in Seeking Medical Attention

A

: Misunderstanding or misusing medications might lead to delayed medical attention or inappropriate self-treatment.

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36
Q

Chronic Conditions

A

Hypertension, Diabetes,
Hyperlipidemia

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37
Q

Severe or abrupt symptoms

A

Vomiting, prolonged
bleeding, debilitating
cramps

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38
Q

Symptoms Unseen by a Physician

A

New or severe symptoms not previously evaluated by a doctor, demanding medical assessment.

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39
Q

Sudden and Severe Onset of Symptoms

A

Abrupt and intense symptoms that appear suddenly, prompting the need for urgent medical evaluation.

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40
Q

Symptoms Lasting Longer than Expected

A

Symptoms persisting beyond normal duration, necessitating medical assessment for further evaluation.

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41
Q

Sensitive Co-Morbidities

A

New symptoms in individuals with pre-existing serious conditions warranting immediate medical attention.

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42
Q

Worsening of Existing Condition or Medication Adverse Effect

A

Any signs of an existing condition worsening or adverse effects from medications, requiring medical evaluation.

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43
Q

QUEST

A

A mnemonic used in assessment: Questioning the patient about their symptoms.

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44
Q

SCHOLAR

A

A mnemonic for assessment: Gathering information regarding symptoms, history, onset, location, aggravating factors, and relieving factors.

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45
Q

PQRST

A

A mnemonic for assessment: Evaluating Pain (Provocation, Quality, Region, Severity, Timing).

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46
Q

No Recommendation - Self-limiting, Non-Pharmacological

A

Deciding not to offer a recommendation due to the condition being self-limiting or suitable for non-pharmacological remedies.

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47
Q

Recommend - Product & Non-Pharmacological

A

Offering recommendations, including both product-based and non-pharmacological remedies.

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48
Q

Referral

A

Referring the patient to a specialist or another healthcare provider if needed.

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49
Q

Open-Ended Questions

A

Questions encouraging detailed responses, fostering conversation

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50
Q

Closed-Ended Questions

A

Questions requiring specific, concise answers, often used for clarification.

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51
Q

Eliminate Distractions

A

Creating a focused environment, minimizing disturbances during communication.

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52
Q

Reflective Listening

A

Listening attentively and mirroring back what’s heard to ensure understanding

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53
Q

Empathy

A

Understanding and showing sensitivity towards the patient’s emotions or experiences.

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54
Q

Remove Physical Barriers

A

ensuring an open physical space to encourage open communication.

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55
Q

Let the Patient Talk

A

Allowing the patient ample time to express themselves without interruptions.

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56
Q

Identify Nonverbal Cues

A

Noticing and interpreting non-verbal cues to understand emotions or unspoken concerns.

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57
Q

Be Objective

A

Maintaining impartiality and focusing on facts during communication.

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58
Q

Be Aware of Nonphysical Barriers

A

Acknowledging potential obstacles beyond physical barriers that might impact communication.

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59
Q

Summarize

A

Recapping key points or information discussed to ensure mutual understanding.

60
Q

Listening vs. Hearing

A

Recognizing the difference between passively hearing and actively listening and engaging.

61
Q

: Product Recipient

A

Identifying who the product is intended for, considering age, gender, and lifestyle.

62
Q

Medical History

A

Gathering details about allergies, current medications, medical conditions, and past self-care treatments.

63
Q

Reason for Product Request

A

Understanding the specific reason or symptoms driving the request for the product.

64
Q

Nature of Condition

A

Determining the characteristics or severity of the condition for appropriate recommendations.

65
Q

Social Determinants of Health

A

Considering factors like social and economic circumstances impacting the patient’s health.

66
Q

Cultural and Religious Considerations

A

Recognizing cultural or religious factors influencing the patient’s health and treatment preferences.

67
Q

Focus on Gathering Information

A

Emphasizing the ability to collect this information efficiently in less than three minutes with practice.

68
Q

: Establish Self-Care Candidacy

A

determining if the patient is suitable for self-care based on their condition and needs.

69
Q

Suggest Self-Care Strategies

A

Recommending appropriate self-care approaches or strategies based on the assessment.

70
Q

Communication with the Patient

A

Engaging in a conversation with the patient to gather information and provide guidance or recommendations.

71
Q

Symptoms Assessment

A

Gathering details about the symptoms, their characteristics, history, onset, location, aggravating factors, and relieving factors.

72
Q

: Symptoms Inquiry

A

Asking the patient to describe their symptoms in detail.

73
Q

Characteristics

A

Encouraging the patient to elaborate on the specific nature or attributes of their symptoms.

74
Q

History

A

Inquiring about the duration, frequency, or past occurrences of the symptoms.

75
Q

Onset

A

Asking when the symptoms first started or began.

76
Q

Location

A

Inquiring about the specific area or part of the body where the symptoms are felt.

77
Q

Aggravating Factors

A

Asking about the factors or actions that worsen the symptoms.

78
Q

Remitting Factors

A

Inquiring about factors or actions that alleviate or improve the symptoms.

79
Q

: P - Precipitating/Palliating

A

Inquiring about factors that trigger or alleviate the symptoms.

80
Q

Q - Quality of the Symptom

A

Asking the patient to describe the specific nature or characteristics of the symptom.

81
Q

: R - Radiating/Remitting

A

Inquiring whether the symptom spreads or moves to other areas or if it lessens or disappears at times.

82
Q

S - Severity

A

Asking the patient to quantify or describe the intensity or severity of the symptom.

83
Q

: T - Time/Temporal

A

Inquiring about the duration, frequency, or timing of the symptom occurrence.

84
Q

A - Associated Symptoms

A

: Asking about other symptoms or experiences that accompany the primary symptom.

85
Q

Impact on Co-Morbidities/Diseases

A

Assessing how the symptom affects existing health conditions or other diseases the patient might have.

86
Q

Interaction with Other Medications

A

Evaluating if the symptom interacts with or is affected by other medications the patient is taking.

87
Q

: Impact on Medical Assessments

A

Considering how the symptom might influence or be influenced by medical assessments, including laboratory results or baseline measurements.

88
Q

Effect on Daily Activities

A

Understanding how the symptom hampers or impacts the patient’s ability to perform regular daily activities.

89
Q

Overall Risk vs. Benefit

A

Weighing the risks associated with the severity of the symptom against the potential benefits of treatment or management.

90
Q

Active Ingredient

A

: The therapeutic substance in the product and the quantity of the active ingredient per unit.

91
Q

Uses

A

The symptoms or diseases the product is intended to treat or prevent.

92
Q

Warnings

A

Important information including when not to use the product, conditions requiring doctor advice, possible interactions or side effects, guidance during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and instructions for keeping the product away from children.

93
Q

Inactive Ingredients

A

Substances in the product that aren’t the active therapeutic substance, like colors or flavors.

94
Q

Purpose

A

The intended action or category of the product, such as antihistamine, antacid, or cough suppressant.

95
Q

Directions

A

: Specific instructions for different age categories, dosage amounts, administration guidelines (e.g., with food), frequency, and duration of use.

96
Q

Other Information

A

Details about proper storage of the product and specific information about certain ingredients, like the amount of calcium, potassium, or sodium present in the product.

97
Q

Expiration Date

A

The date after which the medication should not be used for safety and efficacy reasons.

98
Q

: Lot or Batch Code

A

specific code identifying the manufacturing batch of the product.

99
Q

Manufacturer Information

A

Name and address details of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor of the medication.

100
Q

Net Quantity of Contents

A

The amount or volume of the product in each package.

101
Q

Overdose Instructions

A

Information on what to do or contact in case of an overdose.

102
Q

Additional Sources

A

For more information or detailed guidelines, refer to sources like www.fda.gov.

103
Q

No Drug Facts Label Requirement

A

Medications not regulated by the FDA might not be mandated to have a drug facts label.

104
Q

Limitations on Claims

A

Such medications cannot make claims regarding effectiveness in specific conditions.

105
Q

Challenges for Pharmacists

A

While some products might have support in medical literature, the lack of regulation can pose challenges for pharmacists due to uncertainties and limitations in recommending or endorsing these products.

106
Q

U.S. National Library of Medicine Website:

A

The U.S. National Library of Medicine operates a website providing up-to-date and accurate drug labels to healthcare providers and the general public.

107
Q

Up-to-Date Information

A

The website ensures current and accurate drug information, updated daily by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

108
Q

Self-Limiting or Non-Pharmacological Treatment

A

Situations where additional medical attention isn’t necessary, and no medication or product is required.

109
Q

Use and Duration of Use

A

Guidelines on when, how, and the duration for using a medication or product.

110
Q

Side Effects and Interactions

A

: Information about potential side effects, interactions with prescription medications, food, or specific diseases.

111
Q

Storage

A

Instructions on how to store the medication, both before and after opening the packaging.

112
Q

Improvement or Worsening of Symptoms

A

Guidance on what to do if symptoms improve or worsen, including whether to change the dose or seek further medical attention.

113
Q

Necessity of a Product

A

Instances where a medication or product is necessary, indicating when self-limiting treatments aren’t sufficient and additional medical intervention is needed.

114
Q

Purpose of Screening

A

Identifying the possibility of a disease before symptoms manifest; generally non-specific in nature.

Examples: Tests like fecal occult blood tests fall under screening methods.

115
Q

: Purpose of Home Diagnostics

A

Identifying the presence of a specific condition like UTI, Pregnancy, Ovulation, or Cholesterol levels at home

116
Q

Purpose of Monitoring

A

Monitoring a diagnosed condition such as Diabetes or Hypertension over time for progression or management.

117
Q

Accuracy of home-kit test

A

High accuracy rates, usually between 95-99%.

118
Q

: Safety and Effectiveness

A

Demonstrated safety with a low risk: benefit ratio.

119
Q

: Meeting Professional Standards

A

Compliance with the same standards as professional kits used by healthcare providers.

120
Q

User-Friendly

A

Designed for various users and permit proper usage by individuals with clear and simple instructions.

121
Q

Quality Control

A

Incorporation of quality control features to ensure reliable results.

122
Q

Clear Instructions and Precautions

A

Inclusion of easy-to-follow instructions, warnings, precautions, and information about interfering substances.

123
Q

Recognize Appropriate Use

A

Aid patients in understanding when and how to appropriately use the testing kits.

124
Q

Steps for Use

A

Help patients comprehend and follow the correct steps for utilizing the testing kits effectively.

125
Q

Precautions and Limitations

A

Educate patients about precautions to take and the limitations of the testing kits.

126
Q

Interpret Results

A

Assist patients in understanding and interpreting the results obtained from the testing kits.

127
Q

Identify Interfering Substances

A

Inform patients about substances that might interfere with the accuracy of test results.

128
Q

: False-Positives and False-Negatives

A

: Stress the potential consequences of false results to patients.

129
Q

Test Accuracy Awareness

A

: Educate patients that no test is entirely accurate and help manage expectations regarding accuracy levels.

130
Q

Factors Affecting Testing

A

Considerations such as dexterity, learning disabilities, language barriers, and low-risk, easy-to-conduct tests for visually impaired individuals.

131
Q

State Approval Status

A

Mentioning if a test is state-approved but currently not permitted in specific states like New York (NYS).

132
Q

Proper Test Selection

A

Emphasizing the importance of selecting tests based on patient preferences, needs, and suitability for individuals with visual impairment.

133
Q

: Pharmacy Testing

A

Referring to Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) waivers for pharmacy-based testing, ensuring compliance and quality in testing within pharmacy settings.

134
Q

Immunize with a Prescription Order

A

Administering immunizations under a specific prescription order.

135
Q

Immunize with a Standing Order

A

Administering immunizations without a prescription but with a prewritten standing order that specifies instructions for administering medications/vaccines.

136
Q

Standing Order Definition

A

Defining a standing order as a prewritten medication order allowing another practitioner to administer medication/vaccine according to specified protocols.

137
Q

Pharmacists, Pharmacy Interns, Certified Pharmacy Technicians

A

: Individuals certified and registered with the state board of pharmacy, roles vary based on their title and qualifications.

138
Q

Training Requirements

A

Completion of certificate programs, possession of CPR certificates, and compliance with state regulations.

139
Q

: Roles and Responsibilities

A

: Responsibilities based on titles, involving adherence to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines.

140
Q

Patient Requirements

A

Ensuring each patient receives an immunization record and a Vaccine Information Sheet as per guidelines.

141
Q

Screening & Counseling Patients

A

Identifying high-risk patients, vaccination needs, contraindications, educating patients about diseases and vaccines, and determining vaccination timing.

142
Q

Clinical Decisions

A

Making clinical decisions, including administering vaccinations based on patient assessments.

143
Q

Technical Process

A

Registering patients, collecting necessary information, administering predetermined vaccines, documenting procedures, and promoting vaccinations.

144
Q

QuEST Process in Pharmacy-Based Patient Care: : Collect Information

A

Gathering patient-related and situational information utilizing QuEST-PQRST-SCHOLAR approach.

145
Q

QuEST Process in Pharmacy-Based Patient Care: Assess

A

Evaluating the patient’s candidacy for self-care, identifying the treated condition and its cause.

146
Q

QuEST Process in Pharmacy-Based Patient Care:
Plan

A

Formulating a plan for the patient involving both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical strategies, safe product usage guidelines, duration of treatment, and expectations.

147
Q

QuEST Process in Pharmacy-Based Patient Care: Monitor

A

Advising patients on monitoring their progress, indications of treatment effectiveness, and when to discontinue treatment.

CPP- Final (3rd yr) (5 decks)

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