Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPP- Final (3rd yr) > Adherence - Dr.Horan > Flashcards

Adherence - Dr.Horan Flashcards

1
Q

Adherence

A

The extent to which an individual takes medications corresponding to the agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider. (Definition from the World Health Organization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compliance

A

The term “compliance” used to refer to the extent to which a patient followed medical advice or treatment as prescribed by a healthcare professional. However, this term has been replaced by “adherence,” which focuses on the collaborative agreement between the patient and healthcare provider rather than implying a one-sided obligation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Consequences of Nonadherence

A

studies show that patients have better outcomes with medication adherence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adherence Benefits

A

: Adherent patients experience lower healthcare costs, including fewer hospitalizations and ED visits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cost Reduction of adherence

A

Medication adherence is associated with reduced costs of acute and outpatient care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Health Outcomes of adherence

A

: Adherent patients generally enjoy better health outcomes and an improved quality of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nonadherence Impact: deaths

A

Nonadherence contributes to roughly 100,000 preventable deaths annually.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Economic Impact of adherance

A

Nonadherence results in approximately $100 billion in preventable medical costs each year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Requirements for Adherence

A

Sufficient understanding of the disease and medications used for treatment.

Motivation to take the medication.

Implementation of necessary behavior change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Understanding and Medications

A

Adequate understanding of the disease and medications is crucial for adherence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Motivation to Take Medication

A

Having the motivation to adhere to medication schedules significantly impacts adherence rates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Behavior Change Implementation

A

Implementing necessary behavior changes is essential for maintaining adherence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Impact on Acute Conditions

A

Patient understanding is crucial in managing acute conditions and their medications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Motivation in Acute Conditions

A

Patients in acute distress are often highly motivated to take medications due to immediate symptom relief.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Behavioral Changes in Acute Conditions

A

Behavioral changes in acute conditions tend to be short-lived, often lasting only a few days.

Patients do not have to commit to a therapy for a long time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Key Factors in Acute Adherence

A

Understanding, motivation, and short-lived behavioral changes are pivotal for adherence in acute conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chronic Conditions and Adherence

A

Motivation and behavioral changes are key determinants of adherence in chronic conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lifelong Behavioral Changes

A

Chronic conditions often require lifelong behavioral changes such as diet, exercise, and consistent medication use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Motivational Factors of a Chronic Condition

A

Patients must accept their condition, aim to prevent future issues with medication, and perceive the benefits of medication as outweighing the drawbacks to stay motivated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Impact of Understanding- chronic

A

Patient understanding is foundational for adherence in chronic conditions but has less impact on subsequent adherence compared to motivation and behavioral changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Key Forces in Chronic Adherence

A

Motivation, behavior, and foundational understanding are crucial forces shaping adherence in chronic conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Intentional Non adherence

A

Intentional nonadherence factors include lack of perceived efficacy, perceived adverse effects, not caring to take medicine, altering dose schedule for convenience, and stopping to see if still needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Unintentional Nonadherence

A

Unintentional nonadherence involves factors like forgetfulness, confusion, trouble swallowing, trouble with device usage, lack of understanding efficacy, trouble reading labels, and lacking a routine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Measuring Adherence- how?

A

Lack of consensus among practitioners and researchers on the best method for assessing adherence exists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why is there Use of Multiple Methods?

A

It’s recommended to employ multiple methods for assessing adherence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Method Advantages and Disadvantages

A

: Each method utilized for measuring adherence carries its own potential advantages and disadvantages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Objective methods

A

Analyzing how often they get refills, visually examining the number of pills left in a prescription bottle, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Medication Possession Ratio (MPR)

A

Objective:
MPR calculates adherence based on the ratio of days’ supply of medication obtained versus days needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bringing Pill Bottles/Organizers

A

: Patients bringing all pill bottles or organizers to appointments is a tangible method to assess adherence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Disease Control Assessment

A

: Disease control can sometimes serve as an indirect measure of adherence to medication regimens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Serum Levels

A

Analyzing serum levels of medication can directly assess adherence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Adherence Aids

A

Various aids, such as pill organizers or reminder apps, are used to assist in monitoring and enhancing adherence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Refill Record for Adherence

A

Refill records can measure persistence, offering an approximation of actual adherence rates.

It helps gauge how consistently patients obtain refills over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Limitations of using Refill Records

A

Limitations include patients using multiple pharmacies and pharmacists operating outside healthcare systems without access to patient refill records (e.g., Veterans Administration).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

: Eyeball Method

A

This involves tracking one prescription longitudinally, ensuring patients fill approximately every 30 days to assess adherence

36
Q

Medication Possession Ratio (MPR)

A

MPR is a ratio used to analyze adherence, calculated by dividing the number of days’ supply of medications filled during a time period by the time period (days).

37
Q

MPR Calculation

A

: MPR = Number of days supply of medications filled during time period ÷ Time period (days).

38
Q

Patient BD is on
atorvastatin 20mg tablets-
he has received 150 tablets
over a 180 day period.
Calculate the MPR.

A

MPR = 0.83

150/180

39
Q

Bringing Pill Bottles/Organizers

A

Patients bringing all pill bottles or organizers to appointments is an objective method to assess adherence.

40
Q

Limitations of Bringing Pill Bottles/Organizers

A

It can be time-consuming and impractical as a method to assess adherence.

41
Q

Disease Control Assessment

A

Disease control is sometimes used as an objective measure of adherence.

How well theyre handling their disease

42
Q

Limitations of Disease Control Assessment

A

: It’s not always accurate, as patients may intentionally take medications leading up to appointments to mask nonadherence.

43
Q

Serum Levels for Adherence

A

Serum levels can be utilized for drugs with readily available therapeutic serum level determinations as an objective method to assess adherence.

44
Q

Limitations of Serum Levels

A

limitations include expense, time consumption, availability, and susceptibility to individual characteristics that can influence accuracy

45
Q

Adherence Aids

A

: Adherence aids, like technology-based measurements (e.g., computerized prescription lids), are used to objectively measure adherence.

46
Q

Limitations of Adherence Aids

A

These aids may have limitations as individuals can find ways to circumvent or outsmart the technology, affecting accuracy.

47
Q

Patient Interviews during Visits

A

Subjective.

Patient interviews during routine visits involve engaging with patients to gather information on medication efficacy, perceived problems, and adherence challenges.

48
Q

Information Uncovered during patient interviews

A

Providers aim to uncover details like medication effectiveness, potential side effects, and challenges in remembering to take medications.

49
Q

: Provider-Patient Communication

A

: Effective provider communication is crucial to ensure patients feel comfortable and not judged during these discussions.

50
Q

Limitations of Interviews

A

Lack of accuracy is a concern as patients might not always provide truthful information about their medication adherence due to various reasons, including fear of judgment or desire to please the provider.

51
Q

Stats about medication adherence

A

in developed countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that only 50% of patients with chronic diseases like hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) adhere to treatment recommendations.

52
Q

Healthcare Professional Awareness of adherence

A

HCPs need to be aware of barriers to adherence and predictors of nonadherence for effective intervention strategies.

53
Q

Multifactorial Nature of Barriers

A

: Barriers to adherence can be multifactorial, stemming from patient, disease, treatment, provider, and system-related factors.

54
Q

Patient-Related Barriers

A

Barriers originating from patients themselves can significantly impact adherence to treatment.

55
Q

Disease-Related Barriers

A

Characteristics of the disease or its progression can pose barriers to adherence.

ex: patient has Alzheimer’s and forgets

56
Q

Treatment-Related Barriers

A

Aspects related to the treatment regimen or its side effects can become barriers to adherence.

57
Q

Provider-Related Barriers

A

factors related to healthcare providers, such as communication or access to providers, can impact patient adherence.

58
Q

System-Related Barriers

A

Issues within the healthcare system itself, like access to care or structural challenges, can hinder patient adherence.

59
Q

Multidimensional Nature of Nonadherence

A

Nonadherence is multidimensional, and no single strategy works universally across all conditions and settings.

60
Q

Addressing Barriers

A

Interventions need to consider barriers to medication adherence and tackle multiple factors contributing to nonadherence.

61
Q

Comprehensive Approach

A

Improving medication adherence requires addressing not only patient and provider issues but also systemic problems within healthcare settings.

62
Q

Patient Education

A

: Educating patients about medications and disease states can improve health literacy, decrease concerns about side effects, motivate self-care, and raise awareness of asymptomatic diseases’ harmful effects.

63
Q

Enhanced Communication

A

Improved communication between healthcare professionals and patients is crucial for better adherence.

64
Q

: Increased Accessibility to Care

A

: Increasing accessibility through extended clinic hours or more frequent appointments can aid in better adherence.

65
Q

Optimizing Dosing Schedules

A

Improving dosing schedules, such as simplifying regimens to once-daily or transdermal applications, can enhance adherence rates.

66
Q

Simplified Regimens

A

Simplifying dosing frequencies has been linked to increased adherence rates, especially when reducing from multiple times a day to once daily.

67
Q

Routine Development

A

Developing a routine aids in adherence to treatment regimens.

68
Q

Simplification of Regimen

A

Simplifying treatment regimens by reducing medication count and dosing frequency enhances adherence.

69
Q

Combination Products

A

Using combination products reduces the number of pills taken daily, aiding adherence.

70
Q

Minimizing Dosing Frequency

A

: Reducing medications taken more than twice daily supports adherence.

71
Q

Cost Minimization

A

Minimizing medication costs can facilitate better adherence.

72
Q

Tailoring the Regimen

A

Adapting treatment plans to fit an individual’s routine, schedule, etc., improves adherence.

73
Q

Confirm Administration Technique

A

Ensuring the correct administration technique is crucial for adherence.

74
Q

: Rewarding Success

A

Recognizing and rewarding patient adherence success can reinforce positive behaviors.

75
Q

Enlisting Support

A

Involving and gaining support from others, such as family or caregivers, aids in adherence.

76
Q

Adherence Aids

A

Utilizing adherence aids, such as pill organizers or reminder apps, helps in maintaining adherence.

77
Q

Motivational Interviewing

A

Using motivational interviewing techniques can effectively enhance patient motivation and adherence.

78
Q

Motivational Interviewing Technique

A

Motivational interviewing enhances motivation for behavior change through four principles denoted by “RULE.”

79
Q

R: RULE

A

Resist the Righting Reflex

Interviewers avoid the urge to immediately correct or instruct patients but instead focus on understanding their perspectives.

80
Q

U: RULE

A

UNDERSTAND THE PATIENT’S MOTIVATION;
The technique involves understanding the motivations driving the patient’s behavior and adherence.

81
Q

L: RULE

A

Listen with Empathy

Practitioners actively listen and show empathy towards the patient’s experiences, fostering a supportive environment.

82
Q

E: RULE

A

Empower the Patient

Empowering patients by encouraging their autonomy and involvement in setting goals enhances their commitment to achieving improved adherence.

83
Q

Teach-back Method

A

Employed at the end of every patient encounter to ensure understanding of provided information.

84
Q

Information Recall Study

A

Studies estimate that patients might not recall or misinterpret 50% of the information provided by healthcare providers.

85
Q

Open-ended Questions

A

Using open-ended questions like “Tell me in your own words how to take this medication” helps in assessing patient understanding.

86
Q

Effective Communication

A

To enhance understanding, avoid quizzing, medical jargon, rushing, or using simple yes/no questions. Encourage patients to express information in their own words.

CPP- Final (3rd yr) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions