self awareness: me, myself and i Flashcards
who proposed the 3 types of self?
Tafjel and Turner
what are the three types of self?
individual
relationship
collective
what is the individual self?
personal traits which distinguish you from others
what is the relationship self?
dyadic (2 person) relationships which relate you to others
what is the collective self?
group membership
what is self awareness?
psychological state unique to humans, understand that you are an individual
what happened in Gallup’s mirror test?
was used to see if infants/animals have self awareness
show a child themselves in a mirror
subtly put a bright mark on their face
see if they touch the mirror or themself- this shows if they are self aware or not
what is the difference between private and public self?
private= thoughts, feelings and attitudes
public= social image, can be seen and evaluated by others
who proposed public and private self?
Carver and Scheier
what is chronic self awareness?
where a person is constantly aware
what does chronic self awareness result in?
avoidance behaviour, such as drinking and drugs
what are two types of chronic self awareness?
heightened private
heightened public
what is heightened private self awareness?
-more intense emotion
-accurate self perception
-adhere to personal beliefs
-less stress related illness but can lead to depression
what is heightened public self awareness?
-nervous
-lack of self esteem
-adhere to group norms to avoid embarassment
-concern with physical appearance
what is reduced self awareness?
don’t monitor own behaviour so act impulsively and recklessly
what can reduced self awareness result in?
deindividuation
how can mindfulness help with self awareness?
means paying attention in the present, non judgementally
what are self schemas?
how we act/think/behave/feel
what is self schematic vs aschematic?
self schematic= important part of self concept
aschematic= less important part of self concept
which two theories state how our self schemas should be?
Control Theory of Self Regulation
Self Discrepancy Theory
who proposed Control Theory of Self Regulation?
Carver and Scheier
who proposed Self Discrepancy Theory?
Higgins
what is Control Theory of Self Regulation?
self awareness should assess whether goals are met
according to public and private standards
looks at desires vs higher order goals
what is Self Discrepancy theory?
look at our actual (how we are at present), our ideal (how we would like to be) and ought (how we should be)
this motivates change
if we fail to become our ideal= dejection
if we fail to become our ought= agitation
which two theories state how other individuals mean self schemas develop?
Social Comparison Theory
Self Evaluation Maintenance
who proposed Social Comparison Theory?
Festinger
who proposed self evaluation maintenance?
Tesser
what is Social Comparison Theory?
compare to similar people
generally downward comparison (generally compare to others doing worse than you)
what is Self Evaluation Maintenance?
upward social comparison
to make ourselves feel better may…
-exaggerate target’s ability
-change target
-distance self from target
-devalue comparison dimension
which two theories suggest how self schemas develop according to other groups?
Social Identity Theory
Self Categorisation Theory
who proposed Social Identity Theory?
Tajfel and Turner
who proposed Self Categorisation Theory?
Turner et al
what is Social Identity Theory?
personal identity= our unique personal attributes, relationships and traits
social identity= look at our group membership and inter-group behaviour
what is Self Categorisation Theory?
self categorise to groups> internalise these attributes> focus on the collective self> becomes social identity
BIRGing= basking in reflected glory- claim we are part of the group’s success even without much effort
if group categorisation becomes too extreme, perception can become depersonalised
what are our three self motives?
self assessment
self verification
self enhancement
what is self assessment?
our desire for accurate and valid information, seek to know the truth about ourself
what is self verification?
desire to confirm what we know, seek out consistency about ourself
what is self enhancement?
desire to maintain good image and speak favourably about ourself
what is self affirmation theory?
individuals attempt to maintain a global perception of themselves as positive
what is self serving attribution bias?
attribute positive events/successes to ourselves, but blame negative results on external factors
what did Medvec find out about social comparison?
bronze medalists are more likely to be happy than silver medalists, as their expectations are lower, compare to those without a medal etc
what are the two types of cultures?
individualist and collectivist
what type of self does an individualist culture encourage?
independent
what type of self does a collectivist culture encourage?
interdependent self
what are characteristics of the independent self?
autonomous individual
focus on internal thoughts and feelings
unitary and stable across situations
act according to own beliefs and celebrate differences
what are characteristics of the interdependent self?
connected with others
self based on roles and relationships
fluid self- changes across situations
promote group behaviour and try to fit in
