self awareness Flashcards
who came up with the 3 types of self
Brewer and Gardner 1996
what are the 3 types of self
individual - personal traits that distinguish you from others
- relational - dyadic relationships that assimilate you to others
- collective - group membership
what is self awareness
a psychological state
- traits, feelings and behaviours
- reflexive thought
- realisation of being individual
who discovered the mirror test
gallup 1970
what is the public self
- can be seen and evaluated by others
- evaluation apprehension
- enjoy success, admiration
- adhere to social standards of behaviour
what is chronic self awareness
- very stressful - constantly aware of shortcomings
- avoidance behaviour such as drinking and drugs
what is reduced self awareness
- deindividuation
- no monitoring of own behaviour
what is heightened private awareness
- more intense emotion
- accurate self perception
- adhere to personal beliefs
- depression and neuroticism
what is heightened public awareness
- focus on perception by others
- nervousness
- loss of self-esteem
- adhere to group norms, avoid embarrassment
- concern with physical appearance
what is self-schema
knowledge of how we are expected to act, think, behave and feel
what is self-schematic
an important part of self concept
what is aschematic
- not that important to the person
who came up with the control theory of self regulation
carver and scheier 1981
what is the control theory of self regulation
- assess whether goals are met
- test - operate to change - test - exit
- private/public standard
who came up with the self-discrepancy theory
Higgins 1987
what is the self discrepancy theory
motivate change and if fail
- actual - ideal: dejection - disappointment
- actual - ought: agitation - anxiety
who came up with the social comparison theory
festinger 1954
what is the social comparison theory
- objective benchmark in similar people
- for performance generally downward comparison
- but also upwards in some situations
who came up with the self evaluation maintenance theory
tesser 1988
what is the self evaluation maintenance theory
- upward social comparison
- exaggerate target’s ability
- change target
- distance self from target
- devalue comparison dimension
who came up with the social identity theory
Tajfel and Turner 1979
what is the social identity theory
personal identity - unique personal attributes, relationships and traits
social identity - defines self by group membership - associated with inter group behaviour and norms
who came up with the self-categorisation theory
turner et al 1987
what is the self-categorisation theory
self categorisation to groups - internalise group attributes - collective self - social identity
- meta-contrast principle (differences and similarities)
- BIRGing - ‘basking in reflected glory
- if group categorisation too salient, perception of self and others becomes depersonalised
what are the 3 types of self motives
- self-assessment
- self-verification
- self enhancement
what is self-assessment
- desire for accurate and valid info
- seek out the truth about self
what is self-verification
- desire to confirm what they know
- seek out consistency about self
what is self enhancement
- desire to maintain good image
- seek favourable info about self
what is the self affirmation theory
- affirm positive aspects about themselves
what is self-serving attribution bias
- individuals attribute positive outcomes to their own doings and blame negative outcomes on external factors
how do individualist cultures view the self
- independent self
- autonomous individual
- focus on internal traits
how do collectivist cultures view the self
- interdependent self
- connected with others and embedded in social context
- represented in terms of roles and relationships
belonging and fitting in
