SELF ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

Question 1

These GAGs are found in the extracellular matrix

Answer 1

chondroitin sulfates
hyaluronate
dermatan sulfate

Question 2

This GAG is not found in the extracellular matrix, but is stored in mast cells

Answer 2

heparin

Question 3

Primary function of lacteals in the small intestine

Answer 3

absorption of chylomicrons

Question 4

Loss of inhibitory motor neurons in the LES leading to failure of LES to relax

Answer 4

achalasia

Question 5

Neural endings and receptors that cause an increase in salivary secretion are predominately located on the (blank) side of the cell membrane

Answer 5

basal

Question 6

As saliva passes through the salivary ducts, it is modified. Na+ ions are reabsorbed and K+ is secreted. When salivary secretion is high, there is less (blank) reabsorption.

Answer 6

Na+

Question 7

Concentration of goblet cells would be high in the (blank)

Answer 7

rectum

Question 8

What structure closes upon swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea?

Answer 8

epiglottis

Question 9

Irritable bowel syndrome occurs when visceral afferent nerve fibers exhibit (blank). It can present as painful constipation of diarrhea.

Answer 9

hypersensitivity

Question 10

Inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the colon

Answer 10

ulcerative colitis

Question 11

Normal waist circumference for Caucasian men

Answer 11

<102cm

Question 12

The release of (blank) from S cells stimulates the pancreas to release a secretion rich in bicarbonate ions

Answer 12

secretin

Question 13

Proteolytic enzymes secreted by the pancreas are in the inactive form. Trypsinogen is activated by (blank) secreted by the duodenal mucosa and it activates other enzymes.

Answer 13

enterokinase

Question 14

Bicarb ions secreted by the pancreatic ductal cells are produced by the dissociation of carbonic acid. The HCO3- ions are then exchanged for (blank) ions in the lumen

Answer 14

Cl-

Question 15

Basal acid output is increased by…

Answer 15

distention of the stomach followed by activation of afferent and efferent pathways

Question 16

Waist circumference is measured at the level of the (blank)

Answer 16

iliac crest

Question 17

G cells, or gastrin secreting cells, are located in the antral and pyloric regions of the stomach. Gastrin potentiates the release of (blank) from parietal cells

Answer 17

HCl

Question 18

(blank) glands in the fundus of the stomach release gastric acid, pepsinogen, and thick mucous secretions

Answer 18

oxyntic

Question 19

Gastric ulcers are mainly the consequence of this bacteria in the stomach

Answer 19

H. pylori

Question 20

(blank) bile acids are produced by the actions of microorganisms in the lumen of the GI tract

Answer 20

secondary

Question 21

Bile is concentrated in the gall bladder by the absorption of these three things

Answer 21

Na+, Cl-, and water

Question 22

Approximately (blank) percent of vagal fibers are afferent

Answer 22

80%

Question 23

Distortion of the gut mesentary can activate (blank) nociceptive afferent fibers.

Answer 23

splanchnic

Question 24

Many (blank) afferent nerves are likely to be nociceptive.

Answer 24

splanchnic

Question 25

Leptin deficiency is inherited in an autosomal (blank) manner, causes hypogodism, but has normal resting energy expenditure

Answer 25

recessive

Question 26

Asian with a BMI greater than (blank) is “obese”

Answer 26

25

Question 27

At low gastric secretion rates, parietal cells produce a secretion high in NaCl ions. (blank) acid production increases as gastric secretion increases.

Answer 27

HCl

Question 28

Increase in acid production during digestion causes a (blank) tide as the blood pH becomes more basic

Answer 28

Akaline tide

Question 29

An active H+/K+ ATPase on the (blank) side of the parietal cell pumps out H+ into the stomach lumen of the oxyntic glands.

Answer 29

apical

Question 30

The origin of the H+ ions is thought to arise from the dissociation of (blank) in the parietal cell.

Answer 30

H20