Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Block 3 Week 3 Meg > Highison: Small and Large Intestine > Flashcards

Highison: Small and Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the small intestine

A 
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa (inner circular outer longitudinal)
serosa
adventitia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

21-25 ft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Principle site of digestion of food and absorption of products of digestion

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 “gross” aspects of the small intestine

A

mesentery
plicae circulares
vasa recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Surface modifications increase the surface area of the small intestine by 400-600 times! What are three modifications that account for this increase?

A
  1. plicae circulares (2-3x)
  2. intestinal villi (10x)
  3. microvilli (20x)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Projections/folds of the mucosa of the small intestine into the lumen. Increase absorptive surface of the mucosa.

A

villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Found in the lamina propria of the small intestine

A

crypts of Lieberkuhn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

permanent spiral folds of mucosa and submucosa in distal duodenum, jejunum, and proximal ileum

A

plicae circulares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of epithelium is the mucosa of the small intestine?

A

simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Surface absorptive cells, specialized for transport of substances from intestinal lumen into circulatory system

A

enterocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enterocytes of the mucosa of the small intestine have (blank) to increase apical surface area, and (blank) to seal off the intercellular space from the intestinal lumen

A

microvilli; intercellular junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Six cell types found in the mucosa of the small intestine

A
  1. surface absorptive cells (enterocytes)
  2. goblet cells
  3. M cells
  4. enteroendocrine cells
  5. Paneth cells
  6. stem cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

These cells secrete mucinogen that is converted to mucous for protection

A

goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

These are antigen presenting cells, modified enterocytes. They cover lymphatic nodules in the lamina propria.

A

M cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

These cells produce nearly all the same peptide hormones that they do in the stomach

A

enteroendocrine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

These cells secrete lysozyme and regulate normal intestinal flora

A

Paneth cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where are Paneth cells primarily found?

A

in the distal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

These are regenerative cells that restore the epithelial cells every 5-6 days and the Paneth cells every 4 weeks

A

stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do antimitotic drugs do for the small intestine?

A

create a higher rate of cell renewal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Occupies the villi and in between the intestinal glands (Crypts of Lieberkuhn)

A

lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What things are found in the lamina propria?

A 
CT
lymphoid tissue
villus lacteals
lymphoid nodules
intestinal glands or crypts of Lieberkuhn
22
Q

What are the lymphoid nodules of the ileum known as?

A

Peyer’s patches

23
Q

Submucosal glands (Brunner’s glands) are found only in the (blank)

24
Q

These glands are unique to the submucosa of the duodenum and produce alkaline mucin to neutralize HCl, and produce urogastrone that inhibits gastric HCl production.

A

Brunner’s glands

25
Two things that Brunner's glands of the duodenum produce
alkaline mucin | urogastrone
26
Two layers of the muscularis externa of the lamina propria of the small intestine
inner circular, outer longitudinal
27
The most superficial layer of the small intestine is either (blank) or (blank)
serosa; adventitia
28
Principle functions of the large intestine
reabsorption of electrolytes and water | elimination of waste
29
Parts of the large intestine
cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal
30
Large intestine does NOT have these two things
mucosal folds | villi
31
The large intestine houses bacteria that produce these two vitamins and contribute to feces
``` Vitamin B12 (hematopoiesis) Vitamin K (coagulation) ```
32
Large intestine produces copious amounts of (blank)
mucus
33
Epithelium of the mucosa of the large intestine
simple columnar
34
Three cell types found in the mucosa of the large intestine
1. goblet cells 2. absorptive cells 3. occasional enteroendocrine cells
35
The lamina propria of the large intestine has (blank) and well developed (blank)
crypts of Lieberkuhn; GALT
36
The lamina propria of the large intestine does NOT have these two things
1. Paneth cells | 2. Lymphatic vessels
37
Two layers of the muscularis mucosae of the large intestine
inner circular, outer longitudinal
38
Two distinguishing features of the muscularis externa of the large intestine
teniae coli/haustra
39
Distinguishing feature of the serosa/adventitia of the large intestine
appendices epiploicae
40
The mucosa of the large intestine lacks (blank) and contains (blank)
villi; tubular glands of Lieberkuhn
41
Fascicles of the outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa of the large intestine aggregate into three spaced bands called (blank).
teniae coli
42
Aggregate of adipocytes surrounded by serosa
appendix epiploicae
43
Anatomical landmarks of the rectum
transverse rectal folds | crypts are fewer and deeper than that of the colon
44
Discuss the epithelium found in the mucosa of the anal canal
simple columnar to pectinate line variety of stratified epithelia below anal valves stratified squamous keratinized at anus
45
Three zones of the mucosa of the anal canal
1. colorectal 2. transitional 3. squamous
46
Sebaceous glands, LAG, hair follicles, and large veins found in this layer of the mucosa of the anal canal
lamina propria
47
This layer of the mucosa of the anal canal has two layers (inner circular, outer longitudinal) which terminate at the anal valves
muscularis mucosa
48
This layer of the anal canal is made up of fibroelastic tissue
submucosa
49
What is the submucosa of the anal canal made up of?
fibroelastic tissue
50
This layer of the anal canal forms the internal anal sphincter
inner circular layer of the muscularis externa
51
This layer of the anal canal makes up the external anal sphincter
adventitia
52
The internal anal sphincter is (blank) muscle, while the external anal sphincter is (blank) muscle
smooth; skeletal

Block 3 Week 3 Meg (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions