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Block 3 Week 3 Meg > Highison: Small and Large Intestine > Flashcards

Highison: Small and Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the small intestine

A 
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa (inner circular outer longitudinal)
serosa
adventitia
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2
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

21-25 ft

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3
Q

Principle site of digestion of food and absorption of products of digestion

A

small intestine

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4
Q

3 “gross” aspects of the small intestine

A

mesentery
plicae circulares
vasa recta

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5
Q

Surface modifications increase the surface area of the small intestine by 400-600 times! What are three modifications that account for this increase?

A
  1. plicae circulares (2-3x)
  2. intestinal villi (10x)
  3. microvilli (20x)
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6
Q

Projections/folds of the mucosa of the small intestine into the lumen. Increase absorptive surface of the mucosa.

A

villi

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7
Q

Found in the lamina propria of the small intestine

A

crypts of Lieberkuhn

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8
Q

permanent spiral folds of mucosa and submucosa in distal duodenum, jejunum, and proximal ileum

A

plicae circulares

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9
Q

What kind of epithelium is the mucosa of the small intestine?

A

simple columnar

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10
Q

Surface absorptive cells, specialized for transport of substances from intestinal lumen into circulatory system

A

enterocytes

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11
Q

Enterocytes of the mucosa of the small intestine have (blank) to increase apical surface area, and (blank) to seal off the intercellular space from the intestinal lumen

A

microvilli; intercellular junctions

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12
Q

Six cell types found in the mucosa of the small intestine

A
  1. surface absorptive cells (enterocytes)
  2. goblet cells
  3. M cells
  4. enteroendocrine cells
  5. Paneth cells
  6. stem cells
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13
Q

These cells secrete mucinogen that is converted to mucous for protection

A

goblet cells

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14
Q

These are antigen presenting cells, modified enterocytes. They cover lymphatic nodules in the lamina propria.

A

M cells

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15
Q

These cells produce nearly all the same peptide hormones that they do in the stomach

A

enteroendocrine cells

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16
Q

These cells secrete lysozyme and regulate normal intestinal flora

A

Paneth cells

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17
Q

Where are Paneth cells primarily found?

A

in the distal ileum

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18
Q

These are regenerative cells that restore the epithelial cells every 5-6 days and the Paneth cells every 4 weeks

A

stem cells

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19
Q

What do antimitotic drugs do for the small intestine?

A

create a higher rate of cell renewal

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20
Q

Occupies the villi and in between the intestinal glands (Crypts of Lieberkuhn)

A

lamina propria

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21
Q

What things are found in the lamina propria?

A 
CT
lymphoid tissue
villus lacteals
lymphoid nodules
intestinal glands or crypts of Lieberkuhn
22
Q

What are the lymphoid nodules of the ileum known as?

A

Peyer’s patches

23
Q

Submucosal glands (Brunner’s glands) are found only in the (blank)

A

duodenum

24
Q

These glands are unique to the submucosa of the duodenum and produce alkaline mucin to neutralize HCl, and produce urogastrone that inhibits gastric HCl production.

A

Brunner’s glands

25
Q

Two things that Brunner’s glands of the duodenum produce

A

alkaline mucin

urogastrone

26
Q

Two layers of the muscularis externa of the lamina propria of the small intestine

A

inner circular, outer longitudinal

27
Q

The most superficial layer of the small intestine is either (blank) or (blank)

A

serosa; adventitia

28
Q

Principle functions of the large intestine

A

reabsorption of electrolytes and water

elimination of waste

29
Q

Parts of the large intestine

A

cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, anal canal

30
Q

Large intestine does NOT have these two things

A

mucosal folds

villi

31
Q

The large intestine houses bacteria that produce these two vitamins and contribute to feces

A 
Vitamin B12 (hematopoiesis)
Vitamin K (coagulation)
32
Q

Large intestine produces copious amounts of (blank)

A

mucus

33
Q

Epithelium of the mucosa of the large intestine

A

simple columnar

34
Q

Three cell types found in the mucosa of the large intestine

A
  1. goblet cells
  2. absorptive cells
  3. occasional enteroendocrine cells
35
Q

The lamina propria of the large intestine has (blank) and well developed (blank)

A

crypts of Lieberkuhn; GALT

36
Q

The lamina propria of the large intestine does NOT have these two things

A
  1. Paneth cells

2. Lymphatic vessels

37
Q

Two layers of the muscularis mucosae of the large intestine

A

inner circular, outer longitudinal

38
Q

Two distinguishing features of the muscularis externa of the large intestine

A

teniae coli/haustra

39
Q

Distinguishing feature of the serosa/adventitia of the large intestine

A

appendices epiploicae

40
Q

The mucosa of the large intestine lacks (blank) and contains (blank)

A

villi; tubular glands of Lieberkuhn

41
Q

Fascicles of the outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa of the large intestine aggregate into three spaced bands called (blank).

A

teniae coli

42
Q

Aggregate of adipocytes surrounded by serosa

A

appendix epiploicae

43
Q

Anatomical landmarks of the rectum

A

transverse rectal folds

crypts are fewer and deeper than that of the colon

44
Q

Discuss the epithelium found in the mucosa of the anal canal

A

simple columnar to pectinate line
variety of stratified epithelia below anal valves
stratified squamous keratinized at anus

45
Q

Three zones of the mucosa of the anal canal

A
  1. colorectal
  2. transitional
  3. squamous
46
Q

Sebaceous glands, LAG, hair follicles, and large veins found in this layer of the mucosa of the anal canal

A

lamina propria

47
Q

This layer of the mucosa of the anal canal has two layers (inner circular, outer longitudinal) which terminate at the anal valves

A

muscularis mucosa

48
Q

This layer of the anal canal is made up of fibroelastic tissue

A

submucosa

49
Q

What is the submucosa of the anal canal made up of?

A

fibroelastic tissue

50
Q

This layer of the anal canal forms the internal anal sphincter

A

inner circular layer of the muscularis externa

51
Q

This layer of the anal canal makes up the external anal sphincter

A

adventitia

52
Q

The internal anal sphincter is (blank) muscle, while the external anal sphincter is (blank) muscle

A

smooth; skeletal

Block 3 Week 3 Meg (9 decks)

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