Kulick: Obesity Flashcards
Equation for BMI
weight/height^2 kg/m^2
Normal BMI
18.5-24.9
Overweight BMI
25-29.9
Obese 1 BMI
30-34.9
Pitfalls of BMI in describing obesity
underestimate/overestimate risk in populations, such as Asians, muscular individuals, short persons, older persons
For an overweight or obese patient, a waist circumference of greater than (blank) for men, or greater than (blank) for women is associated with a greater risk of hypertension, type II diabetes, etc.
102cm; 88cm
T/F: There are ethnic specific values for waist circumference
True
Physicians only diagnose 1 in every (blank) obese patients
5
Childhood obesity more common among these groups
American Indians
Non-hispanic blacks
Mexican Americans
Having an obese parent increases the risk of obesity by (blank)-fold
2-3 fold
Obesity persisting into adulthood dependent on these factors
Age (later onset–>more likely to persist)
Parental obesity
severity of obesity
3 forms of obesity genetics
- monogenic forms of obesity
- syndromic forms of obesity
- common obesity
Several rare forms of obesity result from spontaneous mutations in single genes
Monogenic form
Causes of monogenic form of obesity
leptin deficiency
human leptin receptor deficiency
melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency
Perhaps the most common monogenic form of obesity in humans
Inherited in a co-dominant manner
Early onset hyperphagia, increased fat mass, increased lean mass, increased bone mineral density and bone mineral content, increased linear growth, and hyperinsulinemia
melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency (MC4R)
Obesity occurring in the clinical context of a distinct set of associated clinical phenotypes.
Obesity is often accompanied by mental retardation, reproductive anomalies, or other health problems.
syndromic obesity
T/F: Overweight and obesity account for a large percentage of cancer deaths in men (14%) and women (20%).
True
Most important respiratory problem associated with overweight and obesity
obstructive sleep apnea
About (blank) percent of people with Diabetes Mellitus is attributable to weight.
90%
Is calorie consumption greater or less when liquids are consumed?
greater
The most common syndromic form of obesity. Causes intrauterine and neonatal hypotonia, poor feeding during infancy, characteristic facial features, hypogonadism, short stature
Prader Willi Syndrome
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
rare syndromic form of obesity
What BMI is considered overweight for Asians? What BMI is considered obese?
23-24.9 overweight
>25 obese
Criteria for metabolic syndrome
WC >102cm in men, >88cm in women
Fasting glucose > 100
Trigylcerides = 150
Reduced HDL 130/85
